The purpose of this research is to use the image recognition technology of smart sensors to establish a preschool education system for preschool children, which can realize interactive image-based learning and education for preschool children. This paper uses CMOS image sensor (IV2-6500CA of KEYENCE) to design the front-end image acquisition hardware system and establishes an image recognition system that can realize most of the recognition functions based on BP neural network algorithm and ImageNet, MS COCO, MNIST, and the Chars74K dataset and integrate the image recognition system into the preschool education interactive system. The image recognition system has a high accuracy rate, with an overall accuracy rate of 85.16%. Compared with the traditional preschool education system, it has a higher recognition rate, better teaching efficiency, and interactivity. It can recognize most of the objects that children touch and have a good interactive education effect.