Resilience to heat in public space: a case study of Adelaide, South Australia

Ehsan, Shoaib; Boland, John

doi:10.1080/09640568.2015.1091294

Cited by 37 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The other major set of psychological factors identified in the literature were short-term influences (box J) that were first identified by Nikolopoulou and Steemers (2003) and then by others (also see review by Chen and Ng 2012). These comprise a person's mood at a specific moment (Knez and Thorsson 2008;Yin et al 2012;Lindner-Cendrowska and Błażejczyk 2018;Peng et al 2019), whether or not a person is with company (Nikolopoulou and Lykoudis 2006;Sharifi et al 2016;Peng et al 2019), and has perceived control over the microclimatic conditions and the persons' intention for a site visit (Nikolopoulou and Lykoudis 2006;Lin 2009;Tung et al 2014;Sharifi et al 2016;Lindner-Cendrowska and Błażejczyk 2018;Johansson et al 2018). Another temporary factor is "alliesthesia," meaning that the perception of a thermal stimulus can differ depending on other simultaneous sensory stimuli (De Dear 2011; Shooshtarian and Ridley 2017; Lindner-Cendrowska and Błażejczyk 2018; Yung et al 2019).…”

Section: Reshaping the Existing Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring outdoor thermal perception—a revised model

Lenzholzer

Vries

2019

Int J Biometeorol

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This paper aims at extending earlier models of outdoor thermal perception by fusing new knowledge from recent literature and deriving perspectives for future research and methods from the new model. Previous models focused on physical and physiological aspects. Only recently, the psychological aspects of thermal perception received more attention, such as spatial perception. Furthermore, in recent literature on thermal perception, two time scales have been described: the short-term and the long-term thermal perception. Based on this new literature, we develop a conceptual, more comprehensive model that takes these factors into account as well. It hypothesizes how thermal sensation and psychological processes interact on the two time scales. However, to be able to describe relationships between psychological aspects of thermal perception more precisely, more research is required on the following issues: (1) influence of momentary personal references and preferences (e.g., mood), (2) influence of long-term personal references and preferences (e.g., cultural aspects, habituation), and (3) influence of the perception of the spatial environment on thermal perception. Moreover, the relation between momentary and long-term thermal perception has not been studied yet. We conclude this paper with an outlook on possible methods to study these factors.

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Section: Reshaping the Existing Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring outdoor thermal perception—a revised model

Lenzholzer

Vries

2019

Int J Biometeorol

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“…Sadeghi, de Dear, Wood and Samali [29] simulated the comfort cooling effect of wind in Sydney and developed a wind rose biometeorological data visualization tool. The tool integrates the thermal comfort dimension into the conventional climatology wind rose visualization.Thermal comfort research in Australia is typically not well-focused on wind comfort [32][33][34][35]. However, the significant role of proper wind flow to human thermal comfort is underlined in these studies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thermal comfort research in Australia is typically not well-focused on wind comfort [32][33][34][35]. However, the significant role of proper wind flow to human thermal comfort is underlined in these studies.…”

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confidence: 99%

Perception of Wind in Open Spaces

Shooshtarian

Rajagopalan

2019

Climate

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Dense urbanization influences the livability of cities. Changes in local meteorological conditions can be adverse for human health and well-being. In urban open spaces, it is widely known that changes in building density and configuration in cities influence wind speed (V a ). This influence modifies latent heat flux between the human body and surrounding environment and thereby affecting the thermal comfort conditions in open spaces between buildings. Several studies have demonstrated the significant effect of wind speed on outdoor thermal comfort. Melbourne's Central Business District (CBD) has recently experienced dense urbanization and this pattern of development has instigated noticeable changes in meteorological conditions. Some evidence has suggested that the patterns of wind flow induce thermal discomfort during cool seasons. Conversely, the wind is most welcomed during warm seasons. This study was conducted to assess outdoor users' responses to V a in three open spaces of an educational precinct in Melbourne's CBD. The open spaces studied are different in terms of design and function. Users' responses and meteorological conditions were examined through a series of field measurements and questionnaire surveys from November 2014 to May 2015. This study used three perceptual scales to analyze participants' experience of V a during field surveys: "Bedford preference", "thermal sensation" and "personal acceptability". Analytical results yielded the wind perceptual comfort thresholds for different seasons as well as the entire study period. The results suggested that in addition to the geometry of the urban open space, the function of place could influence people's perceptions of V a . The research findings contribute to developing thermally comfortable outdoor environments.Climate 2019, 7, 106 2 of 17 the factors that significantly influence people's thermal comfort, wind speed (V a ) was found to play a key role in cities and particularly in densely built-up areas and between buildings [5,6].Research on wind comfort perception is underpinned by four major methods: software simulations, field tests, wind tunnel tests and questionnaire survey [6]. Questionnaire survey on people's feeling about wind speed is believed to provide accurate, comprehensive and cost-effective method. Since this method evaluates the impact of four parameters (T a , RH, V a, and T mrt ) it is possible to gain an insight into the impact of V a in comparison with the other three parameters. Several studies have demonstrated the significant effect of V a on outdoor thermal comfort [7][8][9]. For instance, the study by Walton, Dravitzki and Donn [7] revealed that gustiness and V a were the most significant factors in shaping outdoor thermal satisfaction. The results of a questionnaire survey in Hong Kong [9] showed that participants were highly sensitive to V a fluctuations. In urban open spaces, it is widely known that recent drastic changes in the design of building density and configuration in cities influence V a profile [5,[10][11][1...

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“…It also covers the effect of urban surface covers on the formation of the UHI effect as a nocturnal phenamenon. However, very limited research is available on daily variations of the urban heat in cities when the UHI effect threatens usability of outdoor public spaces (Kovats & Hajat, 2008;Nikolopoulou, 2004;Sharifi et al, 2016). In response to substantial excess heat in cities, people increasingly move into air-conditioned buildings to benefit from indoor thermal comfort.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of Urban Heat Island Effect in Adelaide: A Mobile Traverse Experiment

Ehsan¹,

Soltani²

2017

MAS

Self Cite

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Urban structure, hard surfaces and shortage of vegetation cause an artificial temperature increase in cities, known as the urban heat island effect. This paper determines the daily patterns of urban heat in Adelaide, Australia. The near-surface temperature profile of Adelaide was mapped in 60 journeys alongside a straight cross route connecting Adelaide Hills to the West Beach between 26 July and 15 August 2013. Results indicate that the most intense urban-rural temperature differences occurred during midnight in Adelaide. However, the afternoon urban heat had more temperature variation in the urban area. In the late afternoon, the near-surface urban heat fluctuates by 2°C within three kilometres and by 1.2°C in just one kilometer. Afternoon heat stress can vary based on space configurations and urban surface covers. Afternoon heat stress causes the highest heat load on urban dwellers. A better understanding of daily urban heat variations in cities assists urban policy making and public life management in the context of climate change.

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Resilience to heat in public space: a case study of Adelaide, South Australia

Cited by 37 publications

References 56 publications

Exploring outdoor thermal perception—a revised model

Exploring outdoor thermal perception—a revised model

Perception of Wind in Open Spaces

Patterns of Urban Heat Island Effect in Adelaide: A Mobile Traverse Experiment

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