This bibliographic review addressed psychological resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic, aiming to analyze how individuals and communities coped and adapted to this unprecedented period of adversity. The methodology involved reviewing literature from academic databases, focusing on studies published from the beginning of the pandemic to the present. Results highlighted the significant impact of the pandemic on mental health, identifying anxiety, depression, and stress as common challenges. It was observed that psychological resilience, influenced by factors such as social support, coping strategies, and psychological interventions, played a crucial role in adapting to these challenges. Final considerations emphasized the importance of public policies and intervention strategies aimed at supporting psychological resilience, suggesting the need for integrated approaches that consider the various dimensions of mental health.