Resilient Pseudorange Error Prediction and Correction for GNSS Positioning in Urban Areas

Multiple satellite and ground clock sources‐based high‐precision time synchronization and lossless switching for distribution power system

“…• Step 1: When the satellite time is T n (i, t ) and the standard time is T S n (i, t ), the gateway calculates the pseudo-distance 𝜌 n (i, t ) and the satellite sends its broadcast ephemeris. The pseudo-distance [22] is calculated as the product of the speed of light and time difference between satellite clock source time T n (i, t ) and the gateway time T g (i, t ), which consists of the straight-line distance d n (i, t ) between the satellite and the gateway, and the additional distance caused by clock offset, atmospheric refraction and other factors.…”

“…(3) Learning process: The gateway executes the clock source combination selection decision y j (i ), gets the reward r L j (i ) based on (22), and updates the average reward as…”

“… Step 1 : When the satellite time is $$T_n(i,t)$$ and the standard time is $$T_n^{\text{S}}(i,t)$$, the gateway calculates the pseudo‐distance $$\rho _n(i,t)$$ and the satellite sends its broadcast ephemeris. The pseudo‐distance [22] is calculated as the product of the speed of light and time difference between satellite clock source time $$T_n(i,t)$$ and the gateway time $$T_g(i,t)$$, which consists of the straight‐line distance $$d_n(i,t)$$ between the satellite and the gateway, and the additional distance caused by clock offset, atmospheric refraction and other factors. Step 2 : When the gateway time is $$T_{\rm g}(i,t)$$ and the standard time is $$T_g^{\text{S}}(i,t)$$, the gateway receives and analyzes the satellite broadcast ephemeris. On this basis, the gateway calculates the satellite clock offset $$\Delta \tau _n^{\text{sat}}(i,t)$$, propagation delay $$\rho _n(i,t)/c$$ ...…”

Optimal locating and sizing of charging stations for large‐scale areas based on GIS data and grid partitioning

“…The terms of vehicle-to-infrastructure communication have become handy, and there are studies to improve further its usefulness [24]. There is also vehicle-to-internet technology in that we can acquire vehicle data more accurately, including the vehicle position acquisition method, which has been further improved by Rui et al [25].…”

“…There is also vehicle‐to‐internet technology in that we can acquire vehicle data more accurately, including the vehicle position acquisition method, which has been further improved by Rui et al. [25].…”