Resin Infiltration of Artificial Enamel Lesions: Evaluation of Penetration Depth, Surface Roughness and Color Stability

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate the penetration depth, surface roughness, and color stability of resin infiltration restoration of artificial enamel lesions induced in primary and permanent teeth. Materials and methods: Primary (group I, n = 30) and permanent (group II, n = 30) extracted non-carious human anterior teeth were subjected to demineralization for four days after creating a window of 5 mm × 5 mm on the labial surfaces. Demineralized area was infiltrated with the low viscosity resin. Ten samples from each group were evaluated for penetration depth, surface roughness, and color stability, respectively. Penetration depth was determined using a stereomicroscope at 80× magnification. Surface roughness of sound and infiltrated enamel was recorded using a profilometer. The color stability was assessed at 2, 4, and 8 weeks along with baseline values using vita easy shade spectrophotometer. Results: Data were analyzed using the student "t" test and Friedman test. The degree of resin penetration was observed to be higher in primary teeth (32.6 ± 15.72 μm) compared to permanent teeth (24.23 ± 6.85 μm), but no significant difference was found (p = 0.138). Surface roughness values of resin infiltrated enamel is similar to that of sound enamel in both primary (p = 0.617) and permanent teeth (p = 0.234). The mean color stability scores immediately after resin infiltration at 2, 4, and 8 weeks intervals showed no statistically significant difference in primary (p = 0.998) and permanent teeth (p = 0.213). Conclusion: Resin penetration into enamel lesions was more in primary teeth enamel compared to permanent. The early enamel lesions, when treated with resin infiltration, showed surface characteristics similar to sound enamel and also exhibited acceptable color up to 8 weeks duration. Clinical significance: Resin infiltration can be considered as an effective and predictable treatment option for the restoration of early enamel lesions owing to its deeper penetration, provision of better surface characteristics, and reliable masking of white spot lesions in both primary and permanent dentitions.

Casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate and universal adhesive resin as a complementary approach for management of white spot lesions: an in-vitro study

“…In harmonization with other studies, the ability of ICON resin to retain a smoother surface of demineralized enamel was confirmed [41,64]. Other investigations conflicted with this opinion and reported that the surface roughness of resin-infiltrated enamel was less than ideal [65,66].…”

In-vivo colour stability of enamel after ICON® treatment at 6 years of follow-up: A prospective single center study.

“…In-vivo and in-vitro studies in recent years have extensively documented the clinical aesthetic efficacy of ICON treatment, with repair of the enamel translucence and rise of the refractive index of the hypomineralized enamel [1,9,[20][21][22][23]. However, the aspect that remained to be verified was the in-vivo stability of the treatment's outcome with a long period of follow-up.…”

“…Fifteen patients (mean age 21, range [19][20][21][22][23][24] with hypomineralized enamel lesions on the labial surface due to ECLs and/or DDE, who were treated using resin infiltration, were recalled for a visit 6 years after treatment. One patient, accounting for two teeth, was lost at this follow-up point.…”

Effect of Resin Infiltration on Enamel: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…In this systematic review, twenty-three articles reported information about microhardness , ten evaluated surface roughness, [27,31,37,47,[49][50][51][52][53][54], sixteen assessed the penetration depth [40,46,50,[55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67] and eight explored shear bond strength after resin infiltration [32,52,[68][69][70][71][72][73].…”

“…Overall, twelve studies included bovine teeth (n per group = 803) while twenty-five studies included human teeth (n per group = 865). Nine studies reported data without specimen demineralization previously to resin infiltration [47,54,55,57,59,[61][62][63][64]74] and thirty-nine articles included the demineralization process before the infiltrative resin [21,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][48][49][50][51][52][53]56,58,60,[65][66][67][69][70][71][72][73]. The demineralization process consists of emerging the teeth in a demineralization solution, with pH between 4 and 5 for a period of time that ranges from 1 min to 1200 h, to simulate the formation of WSLs (Table…”