Resin transfer molding of natural fiber reinforced polybenzoxazine composities

Dansiri, Nadsuda; Yanumet, Nantaya; Ellis, John W.; Ishida, Hatsuo

doi:10.1002/pc.10437

Cited by 51 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Santhosh Kumar et al [19] studied polybenzoxazines containing different cyclohexyl moieties and reported that the char yield is proportional to the aromatic content of the polymer. Dansiri et al [20] studied kenaf fiber-reinforced polybenzoxazine composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structurally diverse benzoxazines: synthesis, polymerization, and thermal stability

Vijayakumar¹,

Rishwana²,

Surender³

et al. 2013

Designed Monomers and Polymers

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Bisphenol-A is converted to indane bisphenol and spirobiindane bisphenol. The compounds bisphenol-A benzoxazine (BAB), indane bisphenol benzoxazine (IBPB), and spirobiindane bisphenol benzoxazine (SBIB) are prepared by condensing the respective bisphenols with paraformaldehyde and aniline. The structural characterization of the synthesized materials is done by using FTIR, 1 H, and 13 C NMR. Curing behavior of these benzoxazines and glass transition temperature for polybenzoxazines are studied using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The curing exotherm of these benzoxazines is much influenced by the nature of the aromatic unit present in the chosen bisphenol. Compared to the aromatic nucleus in BAB, the indane nucleus present in IBPB shifts the cure exotherm to lower temperatures, whereas the biindane moiety present in SBIB shifts the same to high temperatures. These benzoxazines are thermally cured both at the onset and at the peak maximum of the curing exotherm. The thermal stability of these cured materials is investigated using thermogravimetry. The nature of the aromatic nucleus present in the bisphenol and the temperature at which the curing is done decide the glass transition temperature and thermal stability of the polybenzoxazine.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structurally diverse benzoxazines: synthesis, polymerization, and thermal stability

Vijayakumar¹,

Rishwana²,

Surender³

et al. 2013

Designed Monomers and Polymers

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show abstract

“…Some approaches enable one to improve the performance of polybenzoxazine for (1) enhancing the toughness of polybenzoxazines through blending with elastomers,15–17 (2) reinforcing polybenzoxazines with inorganic materials18–21 or fibers,22–25 and (3) improving the thermal stability of polybenzoxazines through blending with high‐performance polymers26, 27 or introducing other polymerizable groups, such as ethynyl or phenyl ethynyl,28–30 nitrile,31–34 propargyl groups,35 and allyl group,36–40 into the benzoxazine structure. These functional groups form highly crosslinking network structures after curing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of bisphenol a diphthalimide bisbenzoxazine monomers and the properties of their polybenzoxazines

Yan

Fan

et al. 2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Three bisphenol A diphthalimide bisbenzoxazine monomers were successfully synthesized through a twostep procedure. First, a new bihydric phenol, bishydroxyphenyl bisphenol A diphthalimide, was prepared from bisphenol A dianhydride and 4-aminophenol. Then, different bisphenol A diphthalimide bisbenzoxazine monomers were synthesized from bishydroxyphenyl bisphenol A diphthalimide, paraformaldehyde, and various amines, such as aniline, allylamine, and 3-aminophenylacetylene. The chemical structures and compositions of the novel monomers were identified by proton nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The curing behavior of the three monomers after various thermal treatments was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared analysis. The polybenzoxazines from the three monomers had excellent high-temperature properties demonstrated by dynamic mechanical analysis. The thermal stabilities of the three polybenzoxazines were also studied by thermogravimetric analysis. The results revealed that the 5 and 10% weight loss temperatures were as high as over 360 and 405 C, respectively, and the char yields at 800 C were 41 to 61%, respectively.

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“…Recently, polybenzoxazines (PBZs), as a matrix for advanced polymeric composites (APC) materials, have received much attention. [1][2][3][4] Benzoxazine is synthesized by the Mannich reaction of formaldehyde, phenol or phenol derivative, and primary amine. This compound possesses many useful properties such as no by-products and near-zero shrinkage during polymerization and good molecular design flexibility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of processing, thermal, and mechanical properties of a new composite matrix‐benzoxazine containing aldehyde group

Ran

Qiao

et al. 2009

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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A new benzoxazine aldehyde group containing monomer 3-phenyl-6-formyl-3, 4-dihydro-2H-1, 3-benzoxazine (Ald-B) was synthesized via the Mannich reaction of formaldehyde, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and aniline. The viscosities and curing behavior of the resins were studied. The results indicated that Ald-B has an initial viscosity lower than 0.110 Pa s at 90-C and the maximum temperature of the exotherm was at 196-C. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of the copolymer of Ald-B and methylenedianiline-type bis-benzoxazine (B-BOZ) showed only one T g of 251-C and high crosslink density in the matrix. The thermal stability of the copolymer was improved noticeably and the char yield at 800-C is 68.4%. The tensile strength and flexural strength of this resin cast are 72 and 137 MPa, respectively.

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Resin transfer molding of natural fiber reinforced polybenzoxazine composities

Cited by 51 publications

References 15 publications

Structurally diverse benzoxazines: synthesis, polymerization, and thermal stability

Structurally diverse benzoxazines: synthesis, polymerization, and thermal stability

Synthesis and characterization of bisphenol a diphthalimide bisbenzoxazine monomers and the properties of their polybenzoxazines

Investigation of processing, thermal, and mechanical properties of a new composite matrix‐benzoxazine containing aldehyde group

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