Resistance and susceptibility to powdery mildew, root-knot nematode, and western flower thrips in two types of winter cress (Brassicaceae)

Abstract

Two types of Barbarea vulgaris R. Br. (Brassicaceae) were tested to compare their resistance and susceptibility to powdery mildew, Erysiphe cruciferarum Opiz ex L. Junell (Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae), root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwoodi (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae), and western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). In experiments conducted in the greenhouse, the percentage of plants showing powdery mildew symptoms ranged from 54.2 to 83.3% in P-type B. vulgaris plants and from 0 to 20.8% in G-type B. vulgaris plants.In plants infected by powdery mildew, the percentage of leaves affected was higher in Ptype than in G-type plants, ranging from 11.8 to 21.1% in P-type plants, and from 0 to 0.36% in G-type plants. Infection by powdery mildew was more likely to occur on the leaves of largest diameter. Root galling showed that G-and P-type plants were equally attacked by root-knot nematode, but the multiplication rate of the nematode was 4.1 to 7.6 times higher in P-type than in G-type plants. Significantly more leaves per plant were damaged by western flower thrips in P-type (73.1 to 88.3% of leaves affected) than in Gtype plants (2.1 to 2.9% of leaves affected). The total numbers of adult and immature thrips found per plant on P-type plants were, respectively, 29.9 and 2.5, while on G-type plants less than 0.3 adult and immature thrips were found per plant. This study indicates that Gtype B. vulgaris could be a source of resistance to powdery mildew and western flower thrips.

Morphological and Chemical Factors Related to Western Flower Thrips Resistance in the Ornamental Gladiolus

“…Saponins have been reported to mediate the resistance in Barbarea vulgaris and counter adaptations in the flea beetle Phyllotreta nemorum [ 45 , 46 ]. Higher concentrations of triterpenoid saponins in B. vulgaris increased resistance to the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella as well as western flower thrips, resulting in significantly fewer adults and larvae [ 47 ]. Saponins from resistant varieties of garden pea inhibited development of the Azuki bean beetle Callosobruchus chinensis , whereas saponin extracts from non-resistant legumes did not [ 48 ].…”

Induced Resistance Against Western Flower Thrips by the Pseudomonas syringae-Derived Defense Elicitors in Tomato

“…WFT feeding damage (hereafter referred as “silver damage”) was evaluated in all the leaves of the plant 7 days after infestation, and expressed as the damaged area in millimeter square. Evaluation of WFT-associated leaf damage in the whole plant has been proved to correlate well with resistance-associated parameters such as number of larvae, adult survival, adult abundance, and preference ( De Kogel et al, 1997 ; Jiang et al, 2005 ; Badenes-Pérez and López-Pérez, 2018 ), and it has been used in multitude of studies determining host plant resistance to WFT (e.g., Leiss et al, 2009a , b , 2013 ; Mirnezhad et al, 2010 ; Thoen et al, 2016 ; Escobar-Bravo et al, 2017 ; Badenes-Pérez and López-Pérez, 2018 ; Escobar-Bravo et al, in press 1 ). Silver damage symptoms caused by infestation with 10 adult WFT were very subtle at 7 days after infestation, and it did not result in significant loss of leaf tissues (see Supplementary Figure S1 ).…”

Glucosinolate Induction and Resistance to the Cabbage Moth, Mamestra brassicae, Differs among Kale Genotypes with High and Low Content of Sinigrin and Glucobrassicin

“…Larvae of M. brassicae have been found to cope well with some plant defense compounds, such as the triterpenoid saponins present in some Barbarea spp. (Brassicaceae) that are resistant to other herbivores [ 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 ]. In the case of glucosinolates, aliphatic, indolic, and benzenic glucosinolates have been shown to have detrimental effects on M. brassicae larvae [ 9 , 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”