Resistance Arm Training in Patients With COPD

Janaudis-Ferreira, Tânia; Hill, Kylie; Goldstein, Roger; Robles, Priscila; Beauchamp, Marla K.; Dolmage, Thomas E.; Wadell, Karin; Brooks, Dina

doi:10.1378/chest.10-1292

Cited by 86 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…6 In brief, 36 patients with COPD (19 in the control group; 17 in the intervention group) were included in the study and exercised three times a week for 6 weeks. Participants in the intervention group participated in a resistance arm-training programme using free weights and a multi-station gym (Model #200i, Eurosport Fitness Innovations Inc., Kelowna, BC).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship and Responsiveness of Three Upper-Limb Tests in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Janaudis-Ferreira

Hill

Goldstein

et al. 2013

Physiotherapy Canada

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Purpose: To determine (1) the relationship among three common upper-limb tests for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): unsupported upper limb exercise test (UULEX), 6-minute pegboard and ring test (6PBRT), and a muscle-strength test using a hand-held dynamometer; and (2) the responsiveness of these three tests to changes after pulmonary rehabilitation that included a resistance arm-training programme. Methods: The study was a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial (RCT). The UULEX and the 6PBRT were used to measure peak arm exercise capacity and arm function, respectively. A handheld dynamometer was used to measure elbow and shoulder flexion force. We analyzed baseline data for all participants in the RCT, as well as baseline and post-PR data for those who completed 6-week follow-up testing. Results: 36 patients with COPD (mean forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV 1 ] ¼ 35% [SD 15%] predicted; age 66 [9] y) participated, of whom 13 completed an arm-training programme. The correlations among the test results ranged from 0.41 to 0.81 (p < 0.0001). Standardized response means were 1.0 for muscle force of elbow flexion, 1.2 for shoulder flexion, and 1.8 for the 6PBRT and UULEX. Conclusions: Although the three tests (UULEX, 6PBRT, and muscle-strength test using a hand-held dynamometer) are intended to measure different constructs, they were moderately to highly correlated with one another. The 6PBRT, UULEX, and muscle-strength test were demonstrated to be responsive to the resistance arm-training programme.Key Words: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; exercise test; upper limb. RÉ SUMÉObjectif : Cette é tude visait à dé terminer (1) la relation entre trois tests courants des membres supé rieurs et la maladie pulmonaire obstructive chronique (MPOC) : test UULEX (test d'é lé vation d'un membre supé rieur), test de l'anneau (6PBRT) et é valuation de la force musculaire à l'aide d'un dynamomè tre manuel; et (2) le degré de ré activité au changement de ces trois tests aprè s une ré adaptation pulmonaire comprenant un programme d'entraînement en ré sistance des bras. Mé thode : Cette é tude é tait une analyse secondaire d'un essai clinique randomisé (ECR). Le test UULEX et le 6PBRT ont é té utilisé s pour mesurer la capacité maximale d'exercice et la fonction maximale du bras, respectivement. Un dynamomè tre manuel a é té utilisé pour mesurer la force de flexion du coude et de l'é paule. Nous avons analysé les donné es de base de tous les patients qui ont participé à l'ECR de mê me que les donné es de base et les donné es aprè s ré adaptation pulmonaire des patients qui ont participé à 6 semaines de tests de suivi. A wide variety of upper limb (UL) tests have been used in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). 1 These tests assess different constructs and thus offer multiple choices to clinicians. Some commonly used UL tests are the unsupported upper limb exercise test (UULEX), 2 the 6-minute pegboard and ring 40From the:

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specific inclusion and exclusion criteria have been described elsewhere. 6 Ethics approval was obtained from the hospital's ethics board.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship and Responsiveness of Three Upper-Limb Tests in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Janaudis-Ferreira

Hill

Goldstein

et al. 2013

Physiotherapy Canada

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“…Fatigue was the main cause for ending the tests, a result that agrees with those of previous studies. 14,35 Younger participants without disabilities took approximately 5 minutes longer to achieve exhaustion than older adults without disabilities and patients with COPD. 14,35 This substantial increase in the time needed to complete the UULEX may discourage health professionals from using it in their clinical practice.…”

Section: (Insertmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14,35 Younger participants without disabilities took approximately 5 minutes longer to achieve exhaustion than older adults without disabilities and patients with COPD. 14,35 This substantial increase in the time needed to complete the UULEX may discourage health professionals from using it in their clinical practice. Thus, as with other tests of exercise capacity, 12,36 it might be valuable to modify the UULEX protocol for people without disabilities, especially young adults.…”

Section: (Insertmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Unsupported Upper Limb Exercise Test in People Without Disabilities: Assessing the Within-Day Test–Retest Reliability and the Effects of Age and Gender

Oliveira

Cruz

Jácome³

et al. 2018

Physiotherapy Canada

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Purpose: To estimate the within-day test-retest reliability and standard error of measurement (SEM) of the unsupported upper limb exercise test (UULEX) in adults without disabilities and to determine the effects of age and gender on performance of the UULEX. Method:A cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 adults without disabilities (44 men, mean age 44.2 [SD 26] y; 56 women, mean age 38.1 [SD 24.1] y). Participants performed three UULEX tests to establish within-day reliability, measured using an intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) model 2 (two-way random effects) with a single rater (ICC [2,1]) and SEM. The effects of age and gender were examined using two-factor mixed-design analysis of variance (ANOVA) and one-way repeated-measures ANOVA. For analysis purposes, four sub-groups were created: younger adults, older adults, men, and women. Results: Excellent within-day reliability and a small SEM were found in the four sub-groups (younger adults The within-day test-retest reliability and SEM values of the UULEX may be used to define the magnitude of the error obtained with repeated measures. One UULEX test seems to be adequate for younger adults to achieve reliable results, whereas three tests seem to be needed for older adults.:Key Words: outcome assessment; standard error of measurement; UULEX; within-day reliability. Nevertheless, arm ergometers are expensive and require trained health professionals to conduct and interpret the tests; thus, their use is somewhat limited in community exercise programmes.The unsupported upper limb exercise test (UULEX) is a symptom-limited, incremental test first described by Takahashi and colleagues 14 to assess upper limb peak exercise capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). UULEX test-retest reliability has been studied in patients with COPD, and it has shown excellent ICCs for UULEX total exercise time (ICC = 0.98), with no significant differences among tests conducted within 2-4 days. 14 The UULEX's excellent reliability results, along with its higher portability, ease of implementation, and low cost, make it a promising measure for use in community exercise programmes with people without disabilities.Nevertheless, evidence shows that the measurement properties of a given test are specific to a particular population. 15 Thus, before recommending use of the UULEX with people without disabilities, its reliability -namely, its within-day test-retest and standard error of measurement (SEM) -should be established for younger and older people without disabilities, as well as for men and women, because significantly different performances on endurance tests have been found with these populations. 16,17 SEM values will inform health and sports professionals about the minimum number of tests needed to achieve a reliable baseline measure. This information will enhance the assessment of upper limb peak exercise capacity in people without disabilities and the development of exercise programmes for this population.As a result, this st...

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“…Finally, many RCTs have been published since the previous metaanalysis conducted by O'Shea et al 14 , offering input for more extensive analysis. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23] The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the effects of resistance training alone or combined with endurance training on clinically relevant rehabilitation outcomes in advanced COPD, including quality of life, dyspnea, functional exercise capacity, maximum exercise capacity, skeletal muscle function, lung function, and adverse events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Resistance Training in Subjects With COPD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Liao¹,

Chen²,

Chen

et al. 2015

Respir Care

101

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BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of resistance training on subjects with COPD. METHODS: We performed a systematic search in MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Elsevier ScienceDirect, EBM Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov and also of leading respiratory journals for randomized controlled trials on COPD treatment for > 4 weeks with resistance training compared with non-exercise control or with combined resistance and endurance training compared with endurance training alone. Data from these studies were pooled to calculate odds ratio and weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% CI. RESULTS: Eighteen trials with 750 subjects with advanced COPD met the inclusion criteria. There were 2 primary and 5 secondary outcomes. Compared with non-exercise control, resistance training led to significant improvements in the dyspnea domain of the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire (WMD of 0.59, 95% CI 0.26 -0.93, I2 ‫؍‬ 0%, P < .001), skeletal muscle strength, and percent-of-predicted FEV 1 (WMD of 6.88%, 95% CI 0.41-13.35%, I2 ‫؍‬ 0%, P ‫؍‬ .04). The combination of resistance and endurance training significantly improved the St George Respiratory Questionnaire total score (WMD of ؊7.44, 95% CI ؊12.62 to ؊2.25, I2 ‫؍‬ 0%, P ‫؍‬ .005), each domain score, and skeletal muscle strength. There were no significant differences in 6-min walk distance, 6-min pegboard and ring test, maximum exercise work load, and maximum oxygen consumption between the 2 groups. There were no reports of adverse events related to resistancetraining intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Resistance training can be successfully performed alone or in conjunction with endurance training without increased adverse events during pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD.

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Resistance Arm Training in Patients With COPD

Cited by 86 publications

References 26 publications

Relationship and Responsiveness of Three Upper-Limb Tests in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Relationship and Responsiveness of Three Upper-Limb Tests in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

The Unsupported Upper Limb Exercise Test in People Without Disabilities: Assessing the Within-Day Test–Retest Reliability and the Effects of Age and Gender

Impact of Resistance Training in Subjects With COPD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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