Resistance Exercise Did Not Alter Intramuscular Adipose Tissue but Reduced Retinol-binding Protein-4 Concentration in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Lipid accumulation in muscle is associated with diminished insulin sensitivity. It was hypothesized that resistance exercise decreases muscular adipose tissue and reduces the level of retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP4), which is linked to adipose tissue and insulin sensitivity in diabetics. Forty-four women with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to three groups for a period of 12 weeks: control (asked to maintain a sedentary lifestyle); resistance exercise (elastic band exercise at moderate intensity five times per week); and aerobic exercise (walking for 60 min at moderate intensity five times per week). Subcutaneous (SCAT), subfascial (SFAT) and intramuscular (IMAT) adipose tissuesat mid-thigh level were assessed using computed tomography, and RBP4 level and insulin sensitivity (fractional disappearance rate of insulin, k ITT ) were assessed before and after intervention. Changes in SCAT, SFAT, IMAT, RBP4 and k ITT were similar among the three groups. Within-group analysis revealed that body mass index and waist circumference decreased significantly in both exercise groups, but RBP4 decreased significantly only with resistance exercise. Resistance exercise did not alter muscular adipose tissue or improve insulin sensitivity.

Impact of different training modalities on glycaemic control and blood lipids in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

“…Overall, a total of 14 trials (16 reports) extracted from 9,477 articles met the eligibility requirements and were included for the present systematic review and meta-analysis [15][16][17][18][19][20][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. One study was excluded since it was not described as randomised [41], and two trials provided no information on whether the AET was supervised [42,43].…”

The impact of one session resistance exercise on plasma adiponectin and RBP4 concentration in trained and untrained healthy young men

“…This is further supported by the recent studies which showed that the effect of exercise seem to be more evident in those with high initial RBP4. In addition, RBP4 levels were decreased after exercise mainly in the subjects having higher level of RBP4 at baseline such as older people and type 2 diabetic patients [40][41][42].…”

The Metabolic Role of Retinol Binding Protein 4: An Update

“…Specifi cally, the vigorous-intensity activity is associated with lower circulating RBP 4 , but moderate-intensity activity, low-intensity activity, or walking does not have any signifi cant impact on RBP 4 [ 73 ] . Furthermore, circulating RBP 4 has been shown to decrease only during a resistance exercise program, but not during aerobic exercise [ 74 ] . Although the existing studies have shown that the improvement in insulin sensitivity after resistance exercise is similar with that after aerobic exercise [ 77 ] , resistance exercise possibly has more favorable eff ects in the insulin sensitivity of skeletal muscles, as indicated by the above-mentioned more pronounced decrease in circulating RBP 4 during resistance exercise.…”