Resistance Exercise to Improve Cognitive Function

Altug, Ziya

doi:10.1519/ssc.0000000000000109

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…With regard to all studies reviewed, the exercise and training variables of the resistance intervention protocols were chosen as to induce muscle hypertrophy and muscle strength improvements, which is not surprising, as resistance training programs generally focus on improving these two factors. Moreover, this observation is consistent with two other reviews summarizing the results of resistance exercise and resistance training studies on outcomes on a behavioral level [107,353]. However, given that the dose provided by a physical intervention (e.g., resistance exercise or resistance training) is a function of exercise variables and training variables and that the reviewed studies are relatively homogenous regarding the selection of exercise variables and training variables, our knowledge about the doseresponse relationship in resistance exercise and resistance training is relatively meager (especially in view of the fact that resistance exercises and resistance training can be designed in many different ways to focus on different aims for muscular performance).…”

Section: Influence Of Exercise Variables and Training Variables On Nesupporting

confidence: 91%

Functional and/or structural brain changes in response to resistance exercises and resistance training lead to cognitive improvements – a systematic review

Herold

Törpel

Schega

et al. 2019

Eur Rev Aging Phys Act

204

152

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Background: During the aging process, physical capabilities (e.g., muscular strength) and cognitive functions (e.g., memory) gradually decrease. Regarding cognitive functions, substantial functional (e.g., compensatory brain activity) and structural changes (e.g., shrinking of the hippocampus) in the brain cause this decline. Notably, growing evidence points towards a relationship between cognition and measures of muscular strength and muscle mass. Based on this emerging evidence, resistance exercises and/or resistance training, which contributes to the preservation and augmentation of muscular strength and muscle mass, may trigger beneficial neurobiological processes and could be crucial for healthy aging that includes preservation of the brain and cognition. Compared with the multitude of studies that have investigated the influence of endurance exercises and/or endurance training on cognitive performance and brain structure, considerably less work has focused on the effects of resistance exercises and/or resistance training. While the available evidence regarding resistance exercise-induced changes in cognitive functions is pooled, the underlying neurobiological processes, such as functional and structural brain changes, have yet to be summarized. Hence, the purpose of this systematic review is to provide an overview of resistance exercise-induced functional and/or structural brain changes that are related to cognitive functions. Methods and results: A systematic literature search was conducted by two independent researchers across six electronic databases; 5957 records were returned, of which 18 were considered relevant and were analyzed. Short conclusion: Based on our analyses, resistance exercises and resistance training evoked substantial functional brain changes, especially in the frontal lobe, which were accompanied by improvements in executive functions. Furthermore, resistance training led to lower white matter atrophy and smaller white matter lesion volumes. However, based on the relatively small number of studies available, the findings should be interpreted cautiously. Hence, future studies are required to investigate the underlying neurobiological mechanisms and to verify whether the positive findings can be confirmed and transferred to other needy cohorts, such as older adults with dementia, sarcopenia and/or dynapenia.

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Section: Influence Of Exercise Variables and Training Variables On Nesupporting

confidence: 91%

Functional and/or structural brain changes in response to resistance exercises and resistance training lead to cognitive improvements – a systematic review

Herold

Törpel

Schega

et al. 2019

Eur Rev Aging Phys Act

204

152

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The underlying neurobiological processes which are triggered by resistance exercises and have been related to cognitive performance improvements, are not fully understood, yet [ 61 , 65 , 66 ]. Based on the promising framework of Stillman et al [ 67 ] about mediators of physical activity (in this case resistance exercises) influencing cognitive performance on different levels (cellular and molecular level, structural and functional level and behavioral/socioemotional level) [ 67 ], the current knowledge of possible neurobiological mechanisms contributing to the improvement of cognitive functions in response to resistance training are summarized in the following.…”

Section: Effects and Mechanisms Of Resistance Training On Cognitiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A promising and cost-effective physical intervention strategy [ 50 , 51 , 52 ] which preserves and enhances both, physical performance (especially with regard to the musculature) [ 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 ] and cognitive functions [ 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 ], is resistance training (also known as strength training). The underlying neurobiological mechanisms and effects of resistance training on cognition are described in the following section.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strengthening the Brain—Is Resistance Training with Blood Flow Restriction an Effective Strategy for Cognitive Improvement?

Törpel

Herold

Hamacher

et al. 2018

JCM

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Aging is accompanied by a decrease in physical capabilities (e.g., strength loss) and cognitive decline. The observed bidirectional relationship between physical activity and brain health suggests that physical activities could be beneficial to maintain and improve brain functioning (e.g., cognitive performance). However, the exercise type (e.g., resistance training, endurance training) and their exercise variables (e.g., load, duration, frequency) for an effective physical activity that optimally enhance cognitive performance are still unknown. There is growing evidence that resistance training induces substantial brain changes which contribute to improved cognitive functions. A relative new method in the field of resistance training is blood flow restriction training (BFR). While resistance training with BFR is widely studied in the context of muscular performance, this training strategy also induces an activation of signaling pathways associated with neuroplasticity and cognitive functions. Based on this, it seems reasonable to hypothesize that resistance training with BFR is a promising new strategy to boost the effectiveness of resistance training interventions regarding cognitive performance. To support our hypothesis, we provide rationales of possible adaptation processes induced by resistance training with BFR. Furthermore, we outline recommendations for future studies planning to investigate the effects of resistance training with BFR on cognition.

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“…and the age groups of participants (i.e. children to older adults) (Altug, 2014;Colcombe and Kramer, 2003;Hillman et al, 2008;Sibley and Etnier, 2003;Verburgh et al, 2014). Reviews of this literature have generally revealed positive effects of exercise on cognition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifting cognition: a meta-analysis of effects of resistance exercise on cognition

Landrigan

Bell

Crowe

et al. 2019

Psychological Research

103

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The health benefits of resistance exercises are well established, however the effects of resistance training on cognition are not as well understood. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the evidence of resistance exercise's effects on cognition. A systematic search identified 21 studies that were included in the analyses. These articles ranged in the protocols utilized and in how they studied the effects of resistance training on cognition. Four primary analyses were carried out to assess the effects of resistance exercise on cognitive outcomes: (1) composite cognitive scores, (2) screening measures of cognitive impairment, (3) measures of executive functions, and (4) measures of working memory. Results revealed positive effects of resistance training on composite cognitive scores (SMD=0.696, 95%CI: 0.29-1.1), screening measures of cognitive impairment (SMD=1.46, 95%CI: 0.5-2.42), and executive functions (SMD=0.238, 95%CI: 0.06-0.41), but no effect on measures of working memory (SMD = 0.23, 95%CI: -0.18-0.64). High heterogeneity was observed in all analyses. Resistance training appears to have positive effects on cognition, however, future research will need to determine why the effects are so variable.

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Resistance Exercise to Improve Cognitive Function

Cited by 4 publications

References 28 publications

Functional and/or structural brain changes in response to resistance exercises and resistance training lead to cognitive improvements – a systematic review

Functional and/or structural brain changes in response to resistance exercises and resistance training lead to cognitive improvements – a systematic review

Strengthening the Brain—Is Resistance Training with Blood Flow Restriction an Effective Strategy for Cognitive Improvement?

Lifting cognition: a meta-analysis of effects of resistance exercise on cognition

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