Resistance in alfalfa to Aphis craccivora Koch

Abstract

The cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch (Aphididae), is considered to be one of the major pests in the semiarid Pampas of Argentina and in other alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) growing areas of the world. In the present study the antibiotic, antixenotic, and tolerance resistance of eight alfalfa cultivars to A. craccivora, were investigated under laboratory conditions at 24 ± 1 °C, 65 ± 10% relative humidity, and 14:10 h photoperiod. Antibiosis experiments showed significant differences in the developmental time and adult longevity of the cowpea aphid among the alfalfa cultivars. Intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) for apterous aphids varied significantly with alfalfa cultivars on which aphids were reared. This value ranged from 0.04 to 0.16 females female -1 d -1 , which was the lowest on 'Medina'. Additionally, the estimated net reproductive rate (R0) and finite rate of increase (λ) for apterous aphids were the lowest on 'Medina'. For the antixenosis experiment significant difference was found in aphid's preference to the alfalfa cultivars. 'Carmina' and 'Victoria' were the least preferred by the apterous aphids. For the tolerance experiment 'Carmina', 'Monarca', 'SPS6550' and 'Victoria' were more tolerant than the other cultivars to A. craccivora. Therefore, our results demonstrated that among the investigated cultivars 'Medina' displayed antibiosis to A. craccivora, 'Carmina' and 'Victoria' expressed antixenosis and tolerance, and 'Monarca' and 'SPS6550' were tolerant to this aphid pest.

Morpho-agronomy performance, seed nutrition content, and Aphis craccivora resistance of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes

“…The infestation method used is the no-choice test antibiosis method based on Deschamps et al (2015), namely by infesting A. craccivora on each plant for each genotype and confinement for each plant, so that A. craccivora can only grow and develop under certain plant conditions and avoid contamination from outside.…”

“…Where: W1 is the dry weight of control plants (without infestation) (g), and W2 is the dry weight of plants infested with A. craccivora (g) (Laamari et al 2008;Deschamps et al 2015).…”

“…The assembly of varieties resistant to disease vector pests can be carried out to control pest attacks and disease spread (Ehlers and Hall 1997). The use of insecticides in controlling aphids is difficult because these pests often become resistant to insecticides, so that the development of plants that are resistant to aphids is the best solution in sustainable agriculture (Deschamps et al 2015). The use of plant varieties that are resistant to pest attacks is beneficial in optimizing the implementation of Integrated Pest Management (Daryanto et al 2017).…”

Evaluation of Black Currant Cultivars Resistance to Aphis grossulariae Kalt. and Effectiveness of Water Extracts of Artemisia Absinthium L. and Tanacetum Vulgare L. Against this Pest

“…The Medina (Medicago sativa L.) alfala cultivar has demonstrated antibiosis to cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch), the Carmina and Victoria cultivars showed tolerance to this pest (Descamps et al, 2015). Cultivars of faba beans (Vicia faba L.) and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) showed resistance to black bean aphid (Aphis fabae Scopoli) and [Aphis craccivora (Koch)] (Salman et al, 2015;Golizadeh et al, 2016;Meradsi, 2016).…”

“…Low cost of MSTW is connected with the easy availability of wild stocks of these herbs, their wide distribution and relatively high productivity in the conditions of the arid zone of Central Kazakhstan. Bitter wormwood has wide distribution in almost all regions of the worlds (Radchenko, 2000;2011;Souleymane et al, 2013;Descamps et al, 2015;Golizaden et al, 2016;Liang et al, 2015;Shafiq et al, 2015;Meradsi, 2016). Maggi et al (2005) with co-authors say: "For these to be practical and economical, the selected species must meet some requirements, such as being cultivatable and having a potent active principle, high stability and a good yield".…”