Resistance in the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens STÅL, to Lindane

Insecticide susceptibilities in populations of two rice planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera, immigrating into Japan in the period 2005–2012

“…Insecticide susceptibilities of planthopper specimens were determined using a standard topical application methodology . Ten insecticides were tested: two organophosphates—malathion and fenitrothion; three carbamates—isoprocarb (MIPC), fenobucarb (BPMC) and carbaryl; one pyrethroid—etofenprox; three neonicotinoids—imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and dinotefuran; one phenylpyrazole—fipronil.…”

“…Long‐winged female adults collected within 5 days of emergence were used because there is no difference in insecticide susceptibility from 0 to 5 days of adult emergence for female N. lugens . Tested insects were anaesthetised with carbon dioxide for about 5 s prior to treatment.…”

Establishing the role of detoxifying enzymes in field‐evolved resistance to various insecticides in the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) in South India

“…Organochlorine insecticides such as dichlorodiphenyl‐trichloroethane (DDT) and benzene hexachloride (BHC) were the first kind of insecticides used for the control of BPH. However, due to their high toxicity and persistence in soil, these insecticides were banned in 1970s (Nagata & Moriya, ). Subsequently, organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, and other newer molecules (neonicotinoids, insect growth regulators, phenylpyrazoles) have been widely used for the control of this pest (Gorman et al ., ; Matsumura et al ., ).…”

Two Fungicides Alter Reproduction of the Small Brown Planthopper Laodelphax striatellus by Influencing Gene and Protein Expression

“…The impact of fungicides on pest insect populations has potent significance because fungicides and insecticides influence other species within the planthopper guild. The BPH population-enhancing influence of some insecticides has been recognized for over 30 years. − The relatively new information on JGM-induced reproduction in BPHs is again coupled to its suppressive effect on WBPH reproduction. These findings point to the complexity of pesticide influences and, again, the need for thorough understanding of various effects of agricultural chemicals.…”

“…Over the past decades, these have been misused in several ways, and in agroecosystems they are major drivers of some of the global ecological and agroecological problems, such as serious environmental pollution, species extinctions, and pest outbreaks or resurgence. The negative effects of insecticides are well documented − and have led to a very large research enterprise aimed to create novel insect management technologies that help mitigate the deleterious effects. Similarly, herbicides are the most overused agricultural chemicals, which has led to weed resistance.…”