Resistance is futile? Examining boys who actively challenge masculinity.

Smiler, Andrew P.

doi:10.1037/a0037286

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…Resistance to gender norms has been a topic of interest to gender development researchers for several years (Brown & Gilligan, 1992; Gilligan, 2013; Rogers et al, 2015; Smiler, 2014; Way, 1998, 2011; Way et al, 2014). Way et al (2014) describe implicit resistance as challenging U.S. gender norms in indirect or unconscious ways, and explicit resistance as directly challenging or questioning such norms and expectations.…”

Section: Gender Norm Resistance: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying gender norm resistance

Nielson

Martin

Rogers³

et al. 2020

Journal of Adolescence

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Introduction: Qualitative and mixed-methods researchers have described the experience of gender norm resistance in adolescence and identiied potential types of resistance including indirect resistance (motivated by a preference for gender-atypicality) and direct resistance (motivated by dislike of gender norms and a desire to change them). Building on this work, we developed the Gender Norm Resistance measure to operationalize indirect and direct gender norm resistance. We explored how gender norm resistance aligns with and differs from other gender self-concepts (e.g., felt pressure to conform to gender norms) and peer relations (e.g., contact with peers) and tested for gender differences. Methods: Participants included 484 early adolescents (girls = 234; M age = 11.44 years, SD = 0.56). Analyses included factor analyses (EFA, CFA) and bivariate correlations to gather validity evidence, and ANOVAs to determine mean level differences. Results: Evidence that validated using the proposed measure as intended was found including conirmation of the two types of gender norm resistance (indirect and direct). Mean differences were found across participant gender as well as across types of gender norm resistance. Conclusions: The indings highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the Gender Norm Resistance measure, the different ways adolescents experience indirect and direct gender norm resistance, and the limited role of felt pressure in gender norm resistance.Resistance to gender norms has been a topic of interest to gender development researchers for several years (

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Section: Gender Norm Resistance: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying gender norm resistance

Nielson

Martin

Rogers³

et al. 2020

Journal of Adolescence

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“…In addition to the commentaries related to Vandello and Bosson (2013), 13 other ancillary items were published in the last two volumes of PMM: a 3-page editorial on the 15th anniversary of PMM (Levant, 2014); a 6-page editorial introducing a special section on research on Black men (Wade & Rochlen, 2013); a 9-page editorial introduc ing a special section on teaching the psychology of men (O'Neil & Renzulli, 2013); and several commentaries focused on the rewards and challenges of teaching about gender (Chrisler, 2013b), boy's resistance to masculine norms (Chu, 2014;Smiler, 2014), adoles cent fathers (Bellamy & Banman, 2014;Devault, 2014;Kiselica & Kiselica, 2014a;Oren & Oren, 2014), and the role of language in the construction of masculinity Ham mond, 2014;Mahalik, 2014;Silverstein, 2014). In addition to the commentaries related to Vandello and Bosson (2013), 13 other ancillary items were published in the last two volumes of PMM: a 3-page editorial on the 15th anniversary of PMM (Levant, 2014); a 6-page editorial introducing a special section on research on Black men (Wade & Rochlen, 2013); a 9-page editorial introduc ing a special section on teaching the psychology of men (O'Neil & Renzulli, 2013); and several commentaries focused on the rewards and challenges of teaching about gender (Chrisler, 2013b), boy's resistance to masculine norms (Chu, 2014;Smiler, 2014), adoles cent fathers (Bellamy & Banman, 2014;Devault, 2014;Kiselica & Kiselica, 2014a;Oren & Oren, 2014), and the role of language in the construction of masculinity Ham mond, 2014;Mahalik, 2014;Silverstein, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fourth, although ancillary items use valuable journal space, they can be seen as a solid investment so long as they are concise, compelling, and offer directions for future research. In addition to the commentaries related to Vandello and Bosson (2013), 13 other ancillary items were published in the last two volumes of PMM : a 3-page editorial on the 15th anniversary of PMM (Levant, 2014); a 6-page editorial introducing a special section on research on Black men (Wade & Rochlen, 2013); a 9-page editorial introducing a special section on teaching the psychology of men (O’Neil & Renzulli, 2013); and several commentaries focused on the rewards and challenges of teaching about gender (Chrisler, 2013b), boy’s resistance to masculine norms (Chu, 2014; Smiler, 2014), adolescent fathers (Bellamy & Banman, 2014; Devault, 2014; Kiselica & Kiselica, 2014a; Oren & Oren, 2014), and the role of language in the construction of masculinity (Edley & Wetherell, 2014; Hammond, 2014; Mahalik, 2014; Silverstein, 2014). It is possible that any of these ancillary items will have a greater citation impact per page than most primary articles as did Levant (2008) and Brooks (2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Building the scientific basis of the psychological study of men and masculinity.

Sánchez¹

2015

Psychology of Men & Masculinity

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The Psychology o f Men & Masculinity (PMM) plays a vital role in advancing the psychological study of men and masculinity. However, how is the journal performing relative to its peer journals, and what are its most impactful articles? To answer these questions, I compared PMM's 2010-2013 scores on 4 indices associated with the Journal Impact Factor (IF) with the scores of 72 sex-and gender-related journals. Although PMM's IF was at or above the average of its peers, its IF without Self-Cites was consistently below the average of its peers. PMM's 5-year IF fared better than the average of its peers, with z-scores ranging from 0.226-0.720. The most cited articles included psychometric reports, theo retical articles, and articles on men's body-image. I offer suggestions to help bolster PMM's impact, including the importance of using unique keywords to increase the likelihood of articles being retrieved during database searches and welcoming brief reports as an efficient means for conveying research that will be cited.

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“…As boys display unique social competency profiles that affect their peer-oriented prosocial behavior, so too they display a range of adherence to traditional masculine norms. Where some boys avoid or resist masculine norms because they find these norms restrictive or harmful (De Visser, 2009; Rogers & Way, 2016; Smiler, 2014), others expend a great deal of effort trying to adhere to norms; trying to be as masculine as possible (Martin et al, 2016). It seems that boys who are striving to be masculine may feel more pressure than boys who have largely rejected traditional masculine norms (Nielson et al, 2020).…”

Section: Person-centered Social Profilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Too hunky to help: A person-centered approach to masculinity and prosocial behavior beliefs among adolescent boys

Nielson

Jenkins

2022

Journal of Social and Personal Relationships

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Boys’ beliefs about prosocial behavior toward other boys may be negatively affected by masculine norm adherence, and there is evidence that early adolescence is a time when boys feel heightened levels of pressure from multiple sources (e.g., friends, family, and self) to adhere to masculine norms like emotional restriction (e.g., appearing stoic and uncaring). However, the relation between boys’ masculinity and their prosocial behavior beliefs is likely further affected by boys’ social competency. Generally, boys’ social competency is positively associated with prosocial behavior, but this is not the case for “tough” boys (boys who adhere to many traditionally masculine norms). We expected that analyzing the relation between early adolescent boys’ pressure to adhere to masculine norms and boys’ unique social profiles (created using adherence to masculine norms and aspects of social competency) would further illuminate boys’ patterns of prosocial behavior beliefs toward other boys. A latent profile analysis estimated profiles of masculinity and social competence among 260 early adolescent boys (59% White, M age = 11.45 years old, Range age = 10–12) in the southwestern U.S. Three profiles emerged which we labeled socially precarious (50%), socially self-confident (41%), and socially avoidant (9%). R3Step and BCH procedures indicated that higher levels of felt pressure from all three sources resulted in a significantly higher likelihood of being in the socially precarious profile compared to the socially self-confident profile and that boys in the socially self-confident profile had significantly higher mean levels of prosocial behavior beliefs toward other boys ( M = 3.22) compared to boys in the socially precarious profile ( M = 3.01). Overall, this study encourages the socialization of social competency while simultaneously discouraging the perpetuation of certain masculine norms among adolescent boys.

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Resistance is futile? Examining boys who actively challenge masculinity.

Cited by 8 publications

References 36 publications

Quantifying gender norm resistance

Quantifying gender norm resistance

Building the scientific basis of the psychological study of men and masculinity.

Too hunky to help: A person-centered approach to masculinity and prosocial behavior beliefs among adolescent boys

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