Resistance Mechanism Against Fluoroquinolones inMycoplasma hyopneumoniaeField Isolates

Vicca, Jo; Maes, Dominique; Stakenborg, Tim; Butaye, Patrick; Minion, F. Chris; Peeters, Jan; Kruif, Aart de; Decostere, Annemie; Haesebrouck, Freddy

doi:10.1089/mdr.2007.716

Cited by 33 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…A previous study reported that position 81 of the ParC QRDR may be implicated in En resistance in M. synoviae (6). Positions 80 and 84 of the ParC QRDR are known hot spots for En resistance in many bacteria, including mycoplasmas, and may alone or together with a mutation within the GyrA QRDR result in decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones (20)(21)(22)(23)(24). An amino acid substitution at position 81 of the ParC QRDR was identified in Mycoplasma hominis (25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of Acquired Enrofloxacin Resistance in Mycoplasma synoviae Field Isolates

Lysnyansky¹,

Gerchman²,

Mikula³

et al. 2013

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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The in vitro activity of enrofloxacin against 73 Mycoplasma synoviae field strains isolated in Israel and Europe was determined by broth microdilution. Decreased susceptibility to enrofloxacin was identified in 59% of strains, with the MICs ranging from 1 to >16 g/ml. The estimated MIC 50 and MIC 90 values for enrofloxacin were 2 and 8 g/ml, respectively. Moreover, this study showed that 92% of recent Israeli field isolates (2009 to 2011) of M. synoviae have MICs of >2 g/ml to enrofloxacin. Comparison of the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) in M. synoviae isolates revealed a clear correlation between the presence of one of the amino acid substitutions Asp79-Asn, Thr80-Ala/Ile, Ser81-Pro, and Asp84-Asn/Tyr/His of the ParC QRDR and decreased susceptibility to enrofloxacin (MIC, >1 g/ml). Amino acid substitutions at positions GyrA 87, GyrB 401/402, and ParE 420/454 were also identified, but there was no clear-cut correlation with susceptibility to enrofloxacin. Comparison of vlhA molecular profiles revealed the presence of 9 different genotypes in the Israeli M. synoviae field isolates and 10 genotypes in the European isolates; only one vlhA genotype (type 4) was identified in both cohorts. Based on results of vlhA molecular typing, several mechanisms for emergence and dissemination of Israeli enrofloxacin-resistant M. synoviae isolates are suggested. Mycoplasma synoviae is an economically important pathogen of poultry, causing respiratory disease and infectious synovitis in chickens and turkeys (1). The severity of clinical manifestations of M. synoviae infection ranges from inapparent to severe and is markedly exacerbated by the presence of other bacterial or viral pathogens. In addition, eggshell apex abnormality (EAA) has been recently described as a novel presentation of M. synoviae infection (2, 3).Antibiotic treatment at the beginning of a disease outbreak is sometimes employed to reduce economic losses caused by clinical outbreaks of M. synoviae. Enrofloxacin (En), a broad-spectrum antibiotic related to the class of fluoroquinolones, has been widely used in many countries for treatment of a variety of poultry diseases, mainly those associated with Escherichia coli and Pasteurella multocida but also avian mycoplasmosis (4). However, in some countries the use of En in poultry is not permitted, mainly due to human health concerns; in the United States, En has been banned for use in poultry since 2005.Fluoroquinolones act by inhibition of DNA replication through the formation of a ternary complex with DNA and the active site of DNA replication enzymes (5). Fluoroquinolone resistance occurs primarily through mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of the parC and/or gyrA gene (encoding the A subunits of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV) or the gyrB and/or parE gene (encoding the B subunits of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV). Topoisomerase IV (parC gene) has been suggested to be the primary target of En in M. synoviae, based on in vivo selection of strains with decreased ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of Acquired Enrofloxacin Resistance in Mycoplasma synoviae Field Isolates

Lysnyansky¹,

Gerchman²,

Mikula³

et al. 2013

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…The central mechanism of fluoroquinolone resistance involves alterations of the GyrA subunit of DNA gyrase and/or the ParC subunit of topoisomerase IV in bacterial species, including mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Alterations in GyrB and ParE play a complementary role in the development of fluoroquinolone resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amino acid changes in GyrA and ParC produced by mutations in the QRDRs of the gyrA and parC genes were compared with those previously reported in fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants of other Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma spp. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of clinical strains of Mycoplasma genitalium harbouring alterations in ParC associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Shimada

Deguchi

Nakane

et al. 2010

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents

120

101

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“…Excessive medication may cause a decrease of susceptibility of mycoplasmas against antimicrobial agents [11,21,23]. To date, antimicrobial resistance of porcine mycoplasmas has been reported to tetracyclines, macrolides, lincomycin and flumequine, the first generation fluoroquinolone in some countries [1,6,17,21,22]. In Thailand, susceptibility of M. hyopneumoniae to antimicrobial agents was investigated for the isolates collected in 1997-1998, and no resistant isolates were found in that period [14].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Susceptibility of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Field Isolates and Occurrence of Fluoroquinolone, Macrolides and Lincomycin Resistance

Thongkamkoon

Narongsak²,

Kobayashi

et al. 2013

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. A total of 159 Thai isolates of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae isolated from pneumonic lungs of pigs during 2006-2011 were investigated for their in vitro susceptibility to 12 antimicrobial agents. Low activity of chlortetracycline was indicated by the MIC range from 3.12-100 μg/ml and MIC 90 of 50 μg/ml. Seventy-six isolates showed resistance to enrofloxacin, whereas 2 isolates showed resistance to macrolides and lincomycin. In addition, a point mutation at A2058G was revealed by sequence analysis of 23S ribosomal RNA in both isolates. The present results confirmed the rapid increase of resistant M. hyopneumoniae isolates against chlortetracycline, enrofloxacin, macrolides and lincomycin in Thailand. Selection of drugs to control swine diseases in Thailand must be done more prudently in consideration of reducing the antimicrobial resistance. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is recognized as one of the most important pathogens in pigs. Management practices, medication and vaccination are control measures of the disease [12]. In Thailand, antimicrobials are generally given to piglets to control diarrhea and respiratory problems during weaning to fattening as well as to gilt and sow during gilt acclimatization and lactation [15]. Excessive medication may cause a decrease of susceptibility of mycoplasmas against antimicrobial agents [11,21,23]. To date, antimicrobial resistance of porcine mycoplasmas has been reported to tetracyclines, macrolides, lincomycin and flumequine, the first generation fluoroquinolone in some countries [1,6,17,21,22]. In Thailand, susceptibility of M. hyopneumoniae to antimicrobial agents was investigated for the isolates collected in 1997-1998, and no resistant isolates were found in that period [14]. In this study, susceptibilities of recent field isolates of M. hyopneumoniae collected during 2006-2011 were examined. M. hyopneumoniae field isolates showing resistance to macrolides and lincomycin were examined for 23S rRNA transition as an evidence of in vivo acquired resistance of M. hyopnuemoniae to macrolides and lincomycin in Thailand.One hundred and fifty-nine Thai isolates of M. hyopneumoniae and the type strain J obtained from National Institute of Animal Health (NIAH), Japan were used. Of the Thai isolates, 7 were isolated from pneumonic lungs of pigs from 5 farms in 2006, and 20, 39, 76, 14 and 3 isolates were isolated from 10, 11, 13, 6 and 1 farms in 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011, respectively. The lung samples collected from pneumonic lesions of pigs, either by the farmers whose pigs were clinically affected with respiratory problems or by the veterinarians at the slaughter house to monitor the respiratory diseases in the farms, were submitted to NIAH, Thailand for identification of the causative agents. Focusing on M. hyopneumoniae infection, the primary isolation was carried out in BHL broth and BHL agar medium as described previously [23]. Cultures identified as M. hyopneumoniae by colony characterization and by specific PCR [13] were stocked at −80°C until use.The followin...

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Resistance Mechanism Against Fluoroquinolones inMycoplasma hyopneumoniaeField Isolates

Cited by 33 publications

References 41 publications

Molecular Characterization of Acquired Enrofloxacin Resistance in Mycoplasma synoviae Field Isolates

Molecular Characterization of Acquired Enrofloxacin Resistance in Mycoplasma synoviae Field Isolates

Emergence of clinical strains of Mycoplasma genitalium harbouring alterations in ParC associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

<i>In Vitro</i> Susceptibility of <i>Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae</i> Field Isolates and Occurrence of Fluoroquinolone, Macrolides and Lincomycin Resistance

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