Resistance of androgen-mediated aggressive behavior in mice to flutamide, an antiandrogen

Heilman, Richard D.; Brugmans, Marieke; Greenslade, Forrest C.; DaVanzo, John P.

doi:10.1007/bf00428705

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…BC/LA muscle mass and SNB soma size were reduced in castrated B6D2F1 mice given blank capsules, compared to either castrates provided with testosterone-filled capsules (Experiments 1 and 2) or sham-operated animals (Experiment 2). Size of the LA muscle has long been used as a bioassay for androgen action, and the effect of castration on BC/LA mass is consistent with what has previously been reported for both rats and mice (Wainman and Shipounoff, 1941;Venable, 1966aVenable, , 1966bHeilman et al, 1976). To the best of our knowledge, only one previous study has examined hormone-dependent changes in SNB soma size in laboratory mice.…”

Section: Effects Of Castration and Testosterone Replacement On The Snsupporting

confidence: 79%

Castration reduces motoneuron soma size but not dendritic length in the spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus of wild‐type and BCL‐2 overexpressing mice

et al. 2002

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Motoneurons in the spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus (SNB) and their target muscles, bulbocavernosus and levator ani (BC/LA), constitute an androgen-sensitive neuromuscular system. Testosterone regulates SNB soma size, SNB dendritic length, and BC/LA muscle mass in adult male rats. Recent evidence indicates that the cell death-regulatory protein, Bcl-2, may also play a role in adult neural plasticity. The present study examined whether gonadal hormones and/or the Bcl-2 protein influence the morphology of the SNB neuromuscular system in adult B6D2F1 mice. In Experiment 1, adult wild-type and Bcl-2 overexpressing males were castrated and implanted with silastic capsules containing testosterone or left blank. Six weeks after castration, cholera toxin-horseradish peroxidase was injected into the BC muscle to label SNB dendrites. Animals were killed 48 h later, and BC/LA muscle mass, SNB soma size, and SNB dendritic arbors were examined. In Experiment 2, wild-type and Bcl-2 overexpressing males were castrated or sham castrated, implanted with testosterone-filled or blank capsules, and examined 12 weeks later. In both experiments, BC/LA muscle mass and SNB soma size were significantly reduced in castrates receiving blank capsules. Surprisingly, however, there was no effect of hormone manipulation on any of several measures of dendritic length. Thus, the dendritic morphology of SNB motoneurons appears to be relatively insensitive to circulating androgen levels in B6D2F1 mice. Bcl-2 overexpression did not influence BC/LA muscle mass, SNB soma size, or SNB dendritic length, indicating that the morphology of this neuromuscular system and the response to castration are not altered by forced expression of the Bcl-2 protein.

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Section: Effects Of Castration and Testosterone Replacement On The Snsupporting

confidence: 79%

Castration reduces motoneuron soma size but not dendritic length in the spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus of wild‐type and BCL‐2 overexpressing mice

et al. 2002

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“…It is well documented that steroids affect aggression, both by acting during development and in adults. T, either directly or via estrogen, is required perinatally to organize male aggressive behavior (Brain & Haug, 1992; Klein & Simon, 1991; Motelica-Heino, Edwards, & Roffi, 1993; Rines & vom Saal, 1984; Simon, McKenna, Lu, & Cologer-Clifford, 1996), and E 2 is sufficient to activate aggression in adulthood (Heilman, Brugmans, Greenslade, & DaVanzo, 1976; Klein & Simon, 1991; Simon et al, 1996). Thus, if neural organization and adult activation are largely dependent on the presence of functional ERα, ERαKO males should display reduced aggression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggression in male mice lacking functional estrogen receptor α.

Scordalakes¹,

Rissman²

2003

Behavioral Neuroscience

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Estrogen receptor alpha knockout (ERaKO) male mice fail to display sexual behavior. The authors hypothesized that ERalphaKOs require higher testosterone (T) concentrations than wild-type (WT) males to exhibit copulatory behavior. Increasing T stimulated sexual behavior and preference for females in WT males but failed to do so in ERalphaKOs. However, T did induce female-directed aggression in ERaKOs. In aggression tests, WT residents selectively attacked T-treated male intruders. ERaKO residents attacked female, T-treated male, and estrogen-treated male intruders equally. Increased access to olfactory cues prior to direct contact reduced overall aggression in ERalphaKO versus WT males but did not cause ERalphaKOs to differentially attack male and female opponents. Results suggest that ERalpha is essential for normal social behavior, perhaps via processing of chemoinvestigatory cues, which are required to discriminate males from females.

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“…Further, FLU failed to reduce the level of aggression in male castrated mice given the anabolic steroid methyltestosterone (MT) (72). However, FLU did have an inhibitory effect on the ventral prostate, seminal vesicles, and lavator ani weights compared to males given MT alone, suggesting FLU differentially affects androgen-sensitive tissue and behaviour (72). The assessment of AR in mediating male aggression was also examined using mice lacking functional androgen receptors (Tfm).…”

Section: Aggression and Androgen Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Androgen Receptors, Sex Behavior, and Aggression

2012

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Androgens are intricately involved in reproductive and aggressive behaviors, but the role of the androgen receptor in mediating these behaviors is less defined. Further, activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis can influence each other at the level of the androgen receptor. Knowledge of the mechanisms for androgens’ effects on behaviors through the androgen receptor will guide future studies in elucidating male reproductive and aggressive behavior repertoires.

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Resistance of androgen-mediated aggressive behavior in mice to flutamide, an antiandrogen

Cited by 16 publications

References 22 publications

Castration reduces motoneuron soma size but not dendritic length in the spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus of wild‐type and BCL‐2 overexpressing mice

Castration reduces motoneuron soma size but not dendritic length in the spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus of wild‐type and BCL‐2 overexpressing mice

Aggression in male mice lacking functional estrogen receptor α.

Androgen Receptors, Sex Behavior, and Aggression

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