Resistance of Collard Green Genotypes to Bemisia tabaci Biotype B: Characterization of Antixenosis

Abstract

Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) biotype B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is an important pest of vegetable crops, including collard greens Brassica oleracea var. acephala (Brassicaceae). The use of resistant genotypes is an interesting option to reduce insect populations and can be used as an important tool for integrated pest management (IPM). This study evaluated 32 genotypes of collard greens against the attack of silver leaf whitefly, with the aim to characterize antixenosis. Initially, a multiple-choice trial was conducted using all genotypes, in which the adult attractiveness was assessed on two leaves per genotype at 24 and 48 h after infestation. After 48 h, one leaf of each genotype was randomly selected for the determination of the number of eggs per square centimeter. From the results of the multiple-choice trial, 13 genotypes were selected for a no-choice oviposition test, following the same method of the previous test. Colorimetric analyses were also performed to establish possible correlations between leaf color and insect colonization. Genotypes HS-20, OE, and VA were less attractive, demonstrating antixenosis. Genotypes LG, VE, J, MG, MOP, HS-20, VA, and MT had less oviposition in the multiple-choice test, which indicated expression of antixenosis. In the no-choice test, genotypes VE, P1C, CCB, RI-919, H, and J had less oviposition, which also characterized antixenosis. Therefore, genotypes VE and J showed the highest resistance stability because both had less oviposition in both test modalities. Thus, the resistance to B. tabaci biotype B indicates the genotypes HS-20, OE, VA, VE, and J are promising for use in breeding programs to develop resistance to whitefly.

Preference of Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) for weed and cultivated species

“…In a study evaluating cucumber genotypes, Novaes et al (2020) found no signi cant correlation between this parameter and the presence of adults of B. tabaci MEAM1. Similarly, in a preference study with different genotypes of cabbage and the same white y species, no signi cant in uence of luminosity on the insect selection behavior was found (Domingos et al, 2018). It is likely, therefore, that in studies in which genotypes of the same plant species are evaluated, smaller variations in the luminosity of the plant tissue should be observed in relation to studies involving different plant species, as is the present case.…”

“…The preference for infestation and oviposition by adults of B. tabaci MEAM1 in the described plant species was evaluated through free-choice assays, as described in previous studies (Domingos et al, 2018;Santos et al, 2021). For that, one plant of each plant species was sowed and cultivated in pots (1 L) containing Carolina Soil ® substrate and kept in a greenhouse free from insect infestation.…”

Bemisia tabaci on Vegetables in the Southern United States: Incidence, Impact, and Management

“…Resistance against B. tabaci and associated viruses was also detected in many additional cultivated vegetable crops, such as watermelon [143,194], mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) [195,196], chili pepper [197][198][199], pepper accessions (Capsicum annuum L., C. chinense Jacq., and C. baccatum L.) [200], and collard (Brassica oleracea L. var. viridis) [201,202].…”

“…The accessions IAC-1544 (C. annuum), IAC-1545 (C. chinense), and IAC-1579 (C. annuum) could be classified as good sources of resistance against B. tabaci and associated virus Tomato severe rugose virus (ToSRV) for cultivated pepper [200]. Collard greens genotypes VE and J exhibited high resistance against B. tabaci [202].…”

Resistance Sources and Antixenotic Factors in Brazilian Bean Genotypes Against Bemisia tabaci

“…Among the antixenotic factors in host plants against B. tabaci MEAM1, the type and density of trichomes play an important role and may influence the preference for feeding and/or oviposition (Oriani & Lara 2000, Oriani et al 2005, Oriani & Vendramim 2010. In addition, plant leaf color may be an important factor in the attractiveness of the whitefly (Prado et al 2015, Hasanuzzaman et al 2016, Domingos et al 2018, although these are characteristics that have not yet been studied. Some genotypes of P. vulgaris have already been evaluated for resistance to B. tabaci MEAM1, and some have been characterized as having antixenotic and/or antibiotic factors (Oriani et al 2005, Torres et al 2012, Peixoto & Boiça-Junior 2014, Silva et al 2014a.…”