Resistance of different fungal structures of Duddingtonia flagrans to the digestive process and predatory ability on larvae of Haemonchus contortus and Strongyloides papillosus in goat feces

Abstract

The dynamics of the passage of conidia, chlamydospores, and mycelia of the fungus Duddingtonia flagrans through the digestive tracts of goats was evaluated. Four groups with five goats each were formed. In the group conidia, each animal received 1 x 10(6) D. flagrans conidia per kilogram of live weight. In the group chlamydospore, each animal received 1 x 10(6) chlamydospores per kilogram of live weight. In the group mycelia, each animal received 1 g of mycelium mass per kilogram of live weight. In the control group, the animals received no fungal structure. Feces were obtained 3 h before and 12, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 60, 72, 84, and 96 h after the inoculation. The feces were placed in Petri dishes containing water-agar. The Petri dishes were examined to detect the fungus and trapped nematodes. A second trial evaluated the effect of the fungal structures on the number of gastrointestinal larvae of Haemonchus contortus and Strongyloides papillosus harvested from the fecal cultures of the goats. The feces were obtained from the goats in the 12-24, 24-30, 30-36, 42-48, 60-72, 72-84, and 84-96 intervals after the inoculation. D. flagrans survived the digestive process of the goats and maintained its predatory activity, being observed from 12 to 96 h before inoculation in the animals that received chlamydospores and conidia.

In vitro predatory activity of nematophagous fungi Duddingtonia flagrans on infective larvae of Oesophagostomum spp. after passing through gastrointestinal tract of pigs

“…The authors, though, did not specify any significant difference (p>0.01) among the tested samples. Differently, Campos et al (2009) observed that the fungus-isolate D. flagrans (CG722) was capable of preying upon and subsequently destroying the L 3 of Strongiloydes pappilosus at the end of their experiments. However, differences in the inter-and intra-specific activities of predatory nematophagous fungi are common and have been observed in experiments with other fungal isolates (Araújo et al 1993).…”

In vitro nematophagous activity of predatory fungi on infective larvae of Strongyloides papillosus

“…For example, Maciel et al (2009) Chandrawathani et al (1998) studied the effect of A. oligospora on S. papillosus larvae in coprocultures and observed a 99% reduction in the total of larvae recovered when A. oligospora was used at a concentration of 2,000 conidia per gram of feces. Campos et al (2009) evaluated the effect of fungal structures on the number of gastrointestinal larvae of Haemonchus contortus and S. papillosus harvested from fecal goat cultures and noted that D. flagrans survived the passage through the gastrointestinal tract of goats and maintained its predatory activity. Field investigations have proven the effectiveness of nematophagous fungi on nematodes of grazing animals.…”

Efficacy of Duddingtonia flagrans and Arthrobotrys robusta in controlling sheep parasitic gastroenteritis

“…The mycelia used in the present experiment had been proven effective in previous studies carried out in Brazil (Alves et al 2003;Assis and Araújo 2003;Silva et al 2009). However, Campos et al (2009) observed that the administration of mycelia to the animals resulted in a short period of efficacy compared to chlamydospores which were very resistant to the passage through the gastrointestinal tract of goats and can maintain their predatory activity for longer periods. However, chlamydospore production requires a longer period of time when compared with the production of mycelia.…”