RESISTANCE OFSACCHARUMSPP. AGAINSTCHILO SACCHARIPHAGUS INDICUS(KAPUR) (LEPIDOPTERA: CRAMBIDAE) IN INDIA

Abstract

SUMMARYAccessions of four Saccharum spp. from the world collection of sugarcane germplasm maintained at the ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute Research Center, Kannur, Kerala State, India, were screened against Chilo sacchariphagus indicus (Kapur) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), commonly known as internode borer. Observations on the progression of borer attack in the most susceptible Saccharum officinarum indicated that the incidence began in the first fortnight of July, increased in the next 2 months and reached its peak in September. Thereafter, the incidence decreased in the next 2 months but reached its overall peak in December. Simple correlation coefficients between mean monthly weather parameters and borer incidence were not significant. Percent of canes attacked was significantly lower in 2011 than in 2012 for S. officinarum, Saccharum barberi and Saccharum sinense but did not differ between the years for Saccharum robustum. Amongst the four Saccharum spp., S. robustum showed the lowest borer incidence whereas S. officinarum recorded the lowest attack intensity. Whilst infestation index showed the same trend as percent canes attacked, percent deadhearts did not differ amongst the four Saccharum spp. Considering the 171 accessions evaluated, 29 (16.9%) accessions were resistant, 39 (22.8%) moderately resistant and 103 (60.2%) susceptible to internode borer. Out of the 39 accessions of S. officinarum, none occupied the resistant category whereas 17.9% were in the moderately resistant category. In S. robustum, whilst nearly half (44.5%) the accessions emerged as resistant, a considerable number occupied the moderately resistant category. In S. barberi, no accession was resistant to the borer. In S. sinense, only one accession each represented resistant and moderately resistant categories. Plant morphological characters, yield and quality parameters did not show clear-cut relationship with the three infestation parameters.

OCCURRENCE, DAMAGE PATTERN AND STATUS OF THE RICE LEAF FOLDER CNAPHALOCROCIS RURALIS WALKER (LEPIDOPTERA: CRAMBIDAE) IN ERIANTHUS SPP. IN INDIA

“…Such year-to-year variation in the dynamics of pests colonizing Saccharum spp. collection was observed in the same habitat (Mahesh et al ., 2014; 2015; 2016).…”

“…Non-parametric statistical analysis was applied to the data of infestation parameters as in our earlier studies for assessing the damage of leaf miner (Mahesh et al , 2015) and stem borer (Mahesh et al , 2018). Friedman ANOVA by ranks and Kendall concordance coefficient test for multiple dependent samples were applied to the three-year (2010–2012) data with individual accessions as blocks and years as treatments.…”

Resistance of sugarcane hybrids to internode borer Chilo sacchariphagus indicus (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

“…Number While percent incidence indicates between-plant dispersal of the borer, percent intensity signifies within-plant spread and repeated attack by successive generations of the borer. Infestation index accommodates variation in both types of attack and may serve as a composite indicator, and in many cases, the index reflects percent incidence (Mahesh et al, 2018).…”

“…Biological control and sex pheromone traps are known to minimize borer incidence levels but suffer from limitations (Mahesh et al, 2018). In this context, cultivar resistance, a major component of long-term integrated pest management strategy for sugarcane moths in many sugarcane growing regions of the world (Reay-Jones et al, 2005;Mahesh et al, 2018;Wilson et al, 2021), can serve as a potential tool to reduce losses caused by borers. Screening of sugarcane cultivars against D. saccharalis in Louisiana, USA (Bessin et al, 1990;Posey et al, 2006;Reagan et al, 2008), and Brazil (Tomaz et al, 2018), Eoreuma loftini (Dyar) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Texas (Reay-Jones et al, 2003;Wilson et al, 2015;Salgado et al, 2022a), E. saccharina in South Africa (Keeping, 2006), and other moth borers in Papua New Guinea (Korowi and Samson, 2013) have demonstrated significant differences in the resistance of cultivars to various borers.…”

“…This vast germplasm of diverse genetic makeup includes assemblages of Indian hybrids, foreign hybrids, Saccharum spp., and allied genera, constituting a crop island (Mahesh et al, 2019). In earlier work, attempts were made to identify sources of resistance among limited accessions of five Saccharum spp., namely S. barberi, S. robustum, S. sinense, S. spontaneum, and S. officinarum available at the Research Center, against C. sacchariphagus indicus under field conditions (Jayanthi, 1988;Mahesh et al, 2018). However, resistance among hybrids to this borer has not been examined seriously hitherto except for the screening of a few commercial hybrids (Jhansi and Rao, 1996;Rajendran et al, 1996;Albert et al, 2007) and prerelease clones (Jayakumar, 2018;Pasupathy et al, 2021).…”