Resistance of Injection Molded Wood-Polypropylene Composites against Basidiomycetes According to EN 15534-1: New Insights on the Test Procedure, Structural Alterations, and Impact of Wood Source

Abstract

In this study, we investigated injection molded wood-polypropylene composites based on various wood sources and their decay resistance against white rot (Trametes versicolor) and brown rot (Coniophora puteana) in a laboratory test according to EN 15534-1:2014. The manufactured composites consisted of poplar (Populus spp.), willow (Salix spp.), European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.), and a commercial wood source (Arbocel® C100), respectively. All formulations were compounded on a co-rotating twin screw extruder and subsequently injection molded to wood–PP specimens with a wood content of 60% or 70% by weight. It was found that the test procedure had a significant effect on the mechanical properties. Loss in mechanical properties was primarily caused by moisture and less by fungal decay. Moisture caused a loss in the modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity of 34 to 45% and 29 to 73%, respectively. Mean mass and wood mass losses were up to a maximum of 3.7% and 5.3%, respectively. The high resistance against fungal decay was generally attributed to the encapsulation of wood by the polymer matrix caused by sample preparation, and enhanced by reduced moisture uptake during the preconditioning procedure. Notable differences with respect to the wood particle source and decay fungi were also observed. Structural characterization confirmed the decay pattern of the fungi such as void cavities close the surface and the deposition of calcium oxalates.

Biological Durability of Wood–Polymer Composites—The Role of Moisture and Aging

“…The following observations made for WPC variant I-1 were confirmed for all other tested WPC materials: Increased moisture after water storage affected MOR and MOE considerably more than fungal attacks. This finding is in line with previous studies [ 15 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Natural pre-weathering of the test specimens did not result in an increased reduction of MOR and MOE.…”

“…Increased moisture after water storage affected MOR and MOE considerably more than fungal attacks. This finding is in line with previous studies [ 15 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ].…”

“…On average, the MOR was significantly reduced by water storage by 28 to 55% ( Figure 3 ‘conditioned’, i.e., after water storage). Moisture and incubation-induced reductions in MOR were generally only marginally higher (by 27 to 64% on average) than moisture-induced reductions, confirming recently published results by Krause et al [ 15 ]. In contrast, the MOR of the references was significantly more reduced by incubation with fungi than the MOR of the WPC variant I-1 ( Figure 3 ).…”

Bioactive Propolis-Silane System as Antifungal Agent in Lignocellulosic-Polymer Composites

“…Krause et al (2019) in their work presented the influence of various types of fungi on the structure and properties of WPCs. They showed that the moisture content of the sample plays a key role in the degradation process [ 22 ].…”