Resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae to the innate immune system of African green monkeys

First case report of non‐human primates (Alouatta clamitans) with the hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype K1 strain ST 23: A possible emerging wildlife pathogen

“…The hypermucovisity phenotype of K . pneumoniae has not been reported as the natural cause of diseases in NHPs but is characterized by a subclinical infection associated with virulence factors and evasion mechanisms used by the pathogen, and the innate immune system . This is exemplified by the ability of these bacteria to evade and survive.…”

“…3 The hypermucovisity phenotype of K. pneumoniae has not been reported as the natural cause of diseases in NHPs but is characterized by a subclinical infection associated with virulence factors and evasion mechanisms used by the pathogen, and the innate immune system. 25,[45][46][47] This is exemplified by the ability of these bacteria to evade and survive. Therefore, stress situations induce by conditions such as transport, quarantine, and malnutrition and overcrowding may predispose an individual to disease.…”

A murine model demonstrates capsule-independent adaptive immune protection in survivors of Klebsiella pneumoniae respiratory tract infection

“…Mouse sera used for ELISAs were obtained from mice at 28 days postoropharyngeal aspiration (Kudva et al, 2011) with 50 μl of 1-2×10 8 CFU of K. pneumoniae TOP52, ΔcpsΔwecA or sterile PBS. Relative IgG levels were determined for individual mice in triplicate by a method similar to one previously described (Cox et al, 2015). Briefly, 96-well flat-bottom plates were coated with ∼5×10 6 CFU in 100 μl per well of live K. pneumoniae TOP52 or ΔcpsΔwecA.…”

Detection of hypermucoviscousKlebsiella pneumoniaesequence type 86 capsular type K2 in South America as an unexpected cause of a fatal outbreak in captivity marmosets

“…This bacteria represents one of the priority organisms to be controlled according to the World Health Organization, particularly the carbapenem-and polymyxin-resistant strains (39). The emergence of these strains is a concern in human and veterinary medicine due to the potential of these strains to acquire multidrug resistance genes, their capacity to persist in the environment and to infect a wide-range of hosts and the unavailability of vaccines against these strains for humans and animals (40).…”

“…The role of K. pneumoniae in wildlife has been revisited, especially in callitrichidae species, which are highly susceptible to fatal infections caused by this bacteria in captivity (24,40). The bacteria likely spreads by close contact and aerosol between animals and through fomites between cages (41).…”