Resistance of <I>Aphis gossypii</I> (Homoptera: Aphididae) to Fenvalerate and Imidacloprid and Activities of Detoxification Enzymes on Cotton and Cucumber

Abstract

Resistance of two strains of cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, to fenvalerate and imidacloprid were determined on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and cucumber (Cucumis sativa L.) after resistance selection of one strain to fenvalerate for 16 consecutive generations, and of a second strain to imidacloprid for 12 consecutive generations on cotton in greenhouses. Dose-response and activities of detoxication enzymes of the fenvalerate-resistant strain (R-fenvalerate), the imidacloprid-resistant strain (R-imidacloprid), and a susceptible strain (S) were determined. After 16 consecutive generations of selection, resistance of A. gossypii to fenvalerate increased >29,000-fold and to imidacloprid 8.1-fold. On cucumber. resistance of the R-fenvalerate strain to fenvalerate increased 700-fold and to imidacloprid 3.6-fold. However, the most significant finding in this study was that the R-imidacloprid strain exhibited cross-resistance to fenvalerate, with a resistance ratio of 108.9-fold on cotton and 3:3.5-fold on cucumber, whereas the R-fenvalerate strain did not show significant cross-resistance to imidacloprid on either plant species. Both resistant strains of A. gossypii were more resistant to fenvalerate on cotton than on cucumber, whereas their susceptibility to imidacloprid on otton and cucumber were not significantly different. The response of the S strain to fenvalerate and imidacloprid were similar on cotton and Cucumber. Activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and alpha-naphthylacetate (alpha-NA) esterases of A. gossypii were significantly different among the three strains, with the R-fenvalerate strains having the highest, followed by the R-imidacloprid strain, and the S strain the lowest. The activities of the AChE and alpha-NA esterases for all three strains were also significantly higher on cotton than on cucumber. The resistance mechanism and resistance management strategies for the R-fenvalerate and R-imidacloprid strains of A. gossypii to fenvalerate and imidacloprid on cotton and cucumber are discussed.

Biochemical Characterization of Detoxifying Enzymes in Dimethoate-Resistant Strains of Melon Aphid, &lt;i&gt;Aphis gossypii&lt;/i&gt;(Hemiptera: Aphididae)

“…These results suggested that the parthenogenetic mode of reproduction in A. gossypii allowed rapid changes in resistance development to dimethoate over time [15]. The resistance development trend is in accordance with those studied in A. gossypii selected for imidacloprid in the laboratory [47] [48]. The highest resistance was recorded in LKR-1 strain followed by LKR-2 and LKR-3 strain suggesting that A. gossypii population collected from Bengaluru, Karnataka developed resistance to high concentrations of dimethoate followed by those collected from Mangalagiri and Guntur, Andhra Pradesh regions.…”

Resistance of insect pests to neonicotinoid insecticides: Current status and future prospects

“…Other reports of imidacloprid resistance in M. persicae (Choi et al, 2001) and the cotton-melon aphid (Aphis gossypii) (Wang et al, 2001(Wang et al, , 2002, result from laboratory selection pressure and their relevance to events in the field remains unclear. Two other important aphid targets of neonicotinoids in Europe are the currant-lettuce aphid (Nasonovia ribisnigri) and the damson-hop aphid (Phorodon humuli).…”

Bioefficacy of some biorational insecticides for the control of Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877, (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on greenhouse grown cucumber

“…A. gossypii can quickly build up a large population on greenhouse grown cucumber and causes considerable economic damage by sucking sap directly from the phloem, producing honeydew and transmission of plant viruses (Perng, 2002). Generally, the control of A. gossypii has relied on a wide array of chemical insecticides which adversely affect non target organisms, are environmentally dangerous and insects frequently build up resistance to them (Wang et al, 2002, Cao et al, 2008. A considerable challenge versus greenhouse cucumber consumers is the subject of food security and healthiness.…”