Resistance of modified hardened cement paste to frost and de-icing salts

Concrete Performance in Cold Regions: Understanding Concrete’s Resistance to Freezing/Thawing Cycles

“…Deja [52] observed a high salt scaling resistance of concrete containing cement rich in granulated blast furnace slag and by using air-entraining admixture even at relatively high values of w/c ratio. Skripkiūnas et al [53] investigated hardened cement paste made of CEM I 42.5 R cement modified with synthetic zeolite admixture, the mass loss and deformations freezing/thawing cycles were much lower in concrete modified with synthetic zeolite which modifies the morphology of hardened cement paste. However, in other research for Skripkiūnas et al [54], they investigated the freeze/ thaw resistance of concrete made of CEM I 42.5 R cement modified with sodium silicate solution and found that the destruction after 56 freeze-thaw cycles and exposure do de-icing salt solutions is smaller in hardened cement paste modified with sodium silicate solution.…”

Sustainability of Concrete With Synthetic and Recycled Aggregates

“…Optimal treatment temperatures have been reported to be in the range of 600-700°C, ensuring high rehydration ability and low thermal energy consumption [2]. The residence time has ranged from 1 to 8 hours in literature, although 2-3 hours is most often adopted [44,46,48,49,54,55,60]. The influence of the residence time and treated temperature on the mechanical strength of mortars produced with 25% of RC from the cement fraction of waste The cooling procedure may occur inside the kiln at low cooling rates or may be accelerated by means of cooling devices, following the same philosophy adopted in OPC production [45,48,54,61].…”

“…The residence time has ranged from 1 to 8 hours in literature, although 2-3 hours is most often adopted [44,46,48,49,54,55,60]. The influence of the residence time and treated temperature on the mechanical strength of mortars produced with 25% of RC from the cement fraction of waste The cooling procedure may occur inside the kiln at low cooling rates or may be accelerated by means of cooling devices, following the same philosophy adopted in OPC production [45,48,54,61]. Serpell and Zunino [56] did not find significant changes when the cooling rate was accelerated.…”

Mechanical properties of cement-bitumen composites for semi-flexible pavement surfacing

“…Through this study, the use of naphthalene formaldehyde sulphonate based superplasticizer (SP) produced lower strength performance as compared to polycarboxylic based SP, due to the long lateral chains of the polycarboxylic ether polymer, which reduces water demands but provide better cement dispersion (Koting et al 2014). In addition, Hommer and Wutz (2005), Li et al (2004), Skripkiūnas et al (2012) have noted in their research papers that superplasticizers of new generation not only disperse the material and actively influence cement hydration process but also improve the structure of cementations materials due to nano dispersion particles present in their composition. The effect of the long molecules in the superplasticizer is to wrap themselves around cement particles and provide negative charge so that they can repel each other (Neville 1995).…”