Resistance of plant pathogens to fungicides in New Zealand

Hartill, W. F. T.

doi:10.1080/03015521.1986.10423035

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The modern era of highly active, often relatively specifi c fungicides began in the late 1960s with the release of the benzimidazole fungicide benomyl (Byrde & Jordan 1977) and has continued apace since then. However, the appearance of fungicide-resistant strains (Hartill 1986;Beever et al 1989) reduced the effi cacy of such products and, coupled with increasing consumer concerns over chemical residues, there is an imperative to develop new approaches. This is particularly the case for post-harvest storage pathogens, such as those of kiwifruit, for which pre-harvest chemical treatments may be ineffective either because the pathogen is in a latent state (C. actinidiae) or the chemicals cannot target the infection site created during harvest (B. cinerea), yet post-harvest treatments are highly restricted because of unacceptable residues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel approaches to controlling fruit pathogens

Beever

Plummer²,

Wurms³

2005

NZPP

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Despite many years of research fruit loss due to disease is still a major factor in fruit production worldwide Recent advances in understanding the biology of fruit pathogens and the complex interactions between host plants and pathogens offer opportunities for novel ways to better manage these diseases These opportunities are reviewed with particular reference to the major fruit pathogens (Botrytis Colletotrichum Cryptosporiopsis Monilinia and Venturia) and fruit crops (kiwifruit apple grape avocado and stonefruit) in New Zealand Approaches based on fungal biology include the possible use of fungal viruses as biocontrol agents the use of reducedpathogenicity strains of pathogens as biocontrol agents and using fungal genomic data and molecular techniques to identify key pathogenicity factors as targets for novel control products Approaches based on host defence mechanisms include enhancing expression of host defence responses such as antifungal proteins and volatiles through markerassisted breeding and postharvest treatments

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel approaches to controlling fruit pathogens

Beever

Plummer²,

Wurms³

2005

NZPP

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“…However, the use of the fungicide has resulted in point mutation that confers resistance of the pathogen to the fungicide (Albertini et al, 1999;Jones and Walker, 1976;Ross and Newberry, 1985). Resistance to benzimidazolebased fungicide was reported in New Zealand in 1975 on apple scab disease caused by Venturia inaequalis and it was also reported in 1977 in Japan on Venturia nashicola on pear (Hartill, 1986;Ishii and Yamaguch, 1977). In Korea, resistance to benzimidazole fungicide was reported on C. gloeosporioides s. lat.…”

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confidence: 99%

Detection of Colletotrichum spp. Resistant to Benomyl by Using Molecular Techniques

Isa

Kim

2022

Plant Pathol J

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Colletotrichum species is known as the major causal pathogen of red pepper anthracnose in Korea and various groups of fungicides are registered for the management of the disease. However, the consistent use of fungicides has resulted in the development of resistance in many red pepper-growing areas of Korea. Effective management of the occurrence of fungicide resistance depends on constant monitoring and early detection. Thus, in this study, various methods such as agar dilution method (ADM), gene sequencing, allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) were applied for the detection of benzimidazole resistance among 24 isolates of Colletotrichum acutatum s. lat. and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides s. lat. The result of the ADM showed that C. gloeosporioides s. lat. was classified into sensitive and resistant isolates to benomyl while C. acutatum s. lat. was insensitive at ≥1 µg/ml of benomyl. The sequence analysis of the β-tubulin gene showed the presence of a single nucleotide mutation at the 198th amino acid position of five isolates (16CACY14, 16CAYY19, 15HN5, 15KJ1, and 16CAYY7) of C. gloeosporioides s. lat. Allele-specific PCR and PCR-RFLP were used to detect point mutation at 198th amino acid position and this was done within a day unlike ADM which usually takes more than one week and thus saving time and resources that are essential in the fungicide resistance management in the field. Therefore, the molecular techniques established in this study can warrant early detection of benzimidazole fungicide resistance for the adoption of management strategies that can prevent yield losses among farmers.

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“…하지만 작용점이 매우 특이하여 사용한 지 2년 후부터 살균제에 대해서 저항성을 보이는 병원균이 발생하였다 (Albertini 등, 1999;Jones와 Walker, 1976;Ross와 Newberry, 1985). 사과 검은별무늬병균인 Venturia inaequalis 에 대해서는 1975년에 뉴질랜드에서 benzimidazole계 살균 제에 대한 저항성이 보고되었으며, 배에서 검은별무늬병을 일으키는 V. nashicola에서도 1977년에 일본에서 저항성의 발현이 보고되었다 (Hartill, 1986;Ishii와 Yamaguchi, 1977). 국 내에서도 오이와 인삼에서 분리한 Botrytis cinerea와 포도에 서 분리한 Colletotrichum gloeosporioides 등에서 저항성이 보 고되었다 (Hwang 등, 2010;Kim 등, 2009).…”

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Relationship of Resistance to Benzimidazole Fungicides with Mutation of β-Tubulin Gene in Venturia nashicola

Kwak¹,

Min²,

Song³

et al. 2017

Research in Plant Disease

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Pear scab caused by Venturia nashicola has been reported as an important disease of pear resulting in lowering the quality of pear fruits. In this study, it was conducted to investigate the relationship between resistance of V. nashicola and mutation of β-tubulin gene and the fungicide resistance in field isolate group in benzimidazole fungicides. Responce of V. nashicola to carbendazim could be classified into 3 groups as sensitive that does not grow at all on PDA amended with 0.16 μg/ml of carbendazim, low resistance that could not grow in 4.0 μg/ml medium, and high resistance that can grow even at 100 μg/ml. Thirty isolates of V. nashicola collected from 3 regions as Wonju, Naju, and Okcheon were highly resistant to carbendazim. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of β-tubulin gene of V. nashicola showed that there was no difference in the nucleotide sequence between the sensitive and the lowresistant isolate, but GAG at codon 198 (glutamic acid) was replaced with GCG (alanine) in the highresistant isolate. Among 10 isolates obtained from the Okcheon, 5 isolates showed the substitution of glycine for glutamic acid, which were resistant to carbendazim, but more sensitive to the mixture of carbendazim and diethofencarb than others. Through these results, all isolates of V. nashicola isolated in pear orchard were found to be resistant to benzimidazoles. Also, mutants E198A and E198G at β-tubulin were found to be important mechanisms of V. nashicola resistance against benzimidazole fungicides.

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Resistance of plant pathogens to fungicides in New Zealand

Cited by 7 publications

References 27 publications

Novel approaches to controlling fruit pathogens

Novel approaches to controlling fruit pathogens

Detection of Colletotrichum spp. Resistant to Benomyl by Using Molecular Techniques

Relationship of Resistance to Benzimidazole Fungicides with Mutation of β-Tubulin Gene in Venturia nashicola

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