Resistance of the codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lep., Tortricidae) to pesticides in Israel

Abstract

Resistance of the codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lep., Tortricidae) to the organophosphorus compound (OP) azinphosmethyl was observed in apple orchards in Israel. The level of resistance varied with the pest control strategy. Compared with a sensitive laboratory population, the resistance level was highest in insects from the preventative pest control strategy, intermediate in integrated pest management (IPM) orchards, and relatively low in the organic orchards. The level of azinphosmethyl resistance in larvae (but not in adults) exposed for 17 generations in the laboratory to a pesticide-free diet was reduced by 50%. Codling moth larvae resistant to azinphosmethyl were also resistant to various insect growth regulators (IGRs). The IGRs include three chitin synthesis inhibitors (diflubenzuron, novaluron and teflubenzuron), two juvenile hormone mimics (pyriproxyfen and fenoxycarb) and one ecdysone agonist (methoxyfenozide). Codling moth resistant to azinphosmethyl was tolerant to methoxyfenozide and novaluron without previous history of application in apple orchards, indicating the possibility of cross-resistance. According to this study, managing resistance programs in apple orchards should be based on IPM principles with minimum use of conventional neuroactive pesticides.

Life Stage Toxicity and Residual Activity of Insecticides to Codling Moth and Oriental Fruit Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

“…However, organophosphate resistance, and suspected cross-resistance to other chemicals, is widespread among codling moth and oriental fruit moth populations, which greatly reduces their usefulness (Bush et al 1993, Knight et al 1994, Dunley and Welter 2000, Reuveny and Cohen 2004, Contreras et al 2007, Mota-Sanchez et al 2008, Siegwart et al 2011. Furthermore, many organophosphate insecticides have been discontinued because of regulatory decisions related to reassessment under the Food Quality Protection Act, and azinphosmethyl will not be allowed for use on apples after 2012 (Keigwin 2009).…”

Evaluation of aerosol devices for simultaneous disruption of sex pheromone communication in Cydia pomonella and Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

“…Resistance to organophosphorus insecticides following prolonged overuse has developed in both species (Chapman and Barrett 1997;Pree et al 1998;Kanga et al 2003;Reuveny and Cohen 2004).…”

Mating compatibility among populations of codling moth Cydia pomonella Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from different geographic origins

“…Control of the codling moth has in the past decades mainly relied on the use of broad‐spectrum insecticides. Even today, up to 6–8 spraying cycles are required in certain countries to keep the codling moth at bay (Reuveny and Cohen 2004). Aside from the many problems associated with the use of these insecticides (Vreysen et al.…”