Resistance of winter wheat varieties to root rots causative agents against artificial infection

Abstract

Goal. The study of the varieties of domestic and foreign selection of winter wheat for resistance to the main pathogens of root rot (Fusarium graminearum and Bipolaris sorokiniana) and the determination of their harmfulness.
 Methods. Laboratory method — for the isolation of pathogens in pure culture, for artificial infection with pathogens of root rot, for the determination of growth parameters of winter wheat; dispersive, statistical and regressive methods for the reliability of the obtained results.
 Results. The agressiveness and the virulence of the main causative agents of winter wheat root rot under artificial seed infection have been established. The assessment of the resistance of winter wheat varieties to Fusarium and Helminthosporium root rot was carried out, the development of the disease in relatively resistant varieties ranged from 0.1 to 0.9 points, the spread was 10.0—45.5%; the development of weak–resistant varieties was 1.0—1.2 points, prevalence of 40.9—50.0%; the developmen tof susceptible varieties was 1.7—2.23 points, spreading — 71.8—94.0%. The harmfulness of Fesarium graminearum and Bipolaris sorokiniana on seedling and root length was studied. In susceptible to Fusarium rot varieties of Novosmuglianka, Poliska 90, Lisova Pisnia, the seedling length was reduced by 5.7—6.9 cm, the root length was reduced by 2.51—3.21 cm compared to relatively resistant Samurai varieties.
 Conclusions. The most common types of root rot in Zhytomyr region are Fusarium and Helminthosporous root rot. No root rot resistant varieties of winter wheat were found among the research varieties, but relatively resistant and weak-resistant varieties were selected. For sowing on agricultural enterprises, relatively resistant to Fusarium graminearum and Bipolaris sorokiniana varieties of Samurai, Kraievyd, Podolianka, Scagen can be recommended. Weak-resistant to Fusariosis can be recommended Bohemia, Podarunok Podillia varieties and weak-resistant to helminth sporiasis can be recommended Poliska 90. In protection of winter wheat crops from harmful organisms, the correct selection of varieties plays a special role, therefore, when developing the integrated protection technology, special attention should be paid to the varieties that show resistance to certain diseases and types of pathogens.