Resistance Patterns of Frequently Applied Antimicrobials and Occurrence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in <i>Edwardsiella tarda</i> Detected in Edwardsiellosis-Infected Tilapia Species of Fish Farms of Punjab in Pakistan

Manzoor, Kashif; Rasool, Faiz; Khan, Noor; Anjum, Khalid Mahmood; Parveen, Shakeela

doi:10.4014/jmb.2301.01008

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…It is reported to have wide host range and caused edwardsiellosis in several commercially important shes like cat sh, turbot, sea bream, eel, yellowtail etc and resulted in severe economic losses (Park et al 2012). Similar to the present study, the symptoms typical of edwardsiellosis like hemorrhages, loss of skin colour and exophthalmia were observed very recently in tilapia farms (Manzoor et al 2023). Other microbes belonging to enterobacteriaceae such as Klebsiella pneumoniae and E. coli were also associated with the infected sh.…”

Section: Identi Cation Of Bacterial Isolates From Infected Oscar Shsupporting

confidence: 85%

Investigation of mass mortality caused by multi-drug resistant Edwardsiella tarda in Oscar fish, Astronotus ocellatus from an ornamental fish farm, Kerala

Vishnupriya,

Swaminathan,

Dharmarathnam

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Oscar fish (Astronotus ocellatus) is one of the most domesticated and exported ornamental fishes from Kerala. The emergence of diseases caused by multi-drug-resistant bacteria is a serious obstacle faced in the ornamental fish industry. In the present study, six isolates were resolved from the diseased Oscar fish showing hemorrhages, necrosis and loss of pigmentation. After phenotypic and genotypic characterization, the bacteria were identified as Edwardsiella tarda, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus fecalis, Escherichia coli, Brevibacillus borstelensis, and Staphylococcus hominis. Experimental challenge studies in healthy Oscar fish showed that E. tarda caused 100% mortality within 240 hours with 6.99×106 CFU/fish as LD50 and histopathology revealed the typical signs of infection. The pathogen could be successfully re-recovered from the moribund fish thereby confirmed Koch’s postulates. Edwardsiella species was confirmed as E. tarda through positive amplification of tarda specific gene and virulence genes viz., etfD and escB were also detected in the pathogen. The isolate showed multiple antimicrobial resistance (AMR) against aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and quinolones with the MAR index of 0.32, which implicated the antibiotic pressure in the farm. Plasmid curing studies showed a paradigm shift in the resistance pattern with MAR index of 0.04, highlighting the resistance genes are of plasmid-borne. Moreover, tetracycline resistance gene (tetA) was the only one found to be chromosome-borne. This study is the first of its kind in detecting mass mortality caused by E. tarda in Oscar fish. Proper surveillance and appropriate action plans are crucial for the precise detection of pathogens responsible for diseases and AMR in aquaculture.

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Section: Identi Cation Of Bacterial Isolates From Infected Oscar Shsupporting

confidence: 85%

Investigation of mass mortality caused by multi-drug resistant Edwardsiella tarda in Oscar fish, Astronotus ocellatus from an ornamental fish farm, Kerala

Vishnupriya,

Swaminathan,

Dharmarathnam

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Information on AMR prevalence in the plant, aquaculture, and environmental sectors is relatively limited. Still, sporadic studies reported high rates of multidrug-resistant bacteria in fish [ 44 , 45 , 46 ], and consistently higher resistance rates to commonly used antibiotics in soil Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates within 25 m of poultry farms [ 47 ]. Notably, AMR surveillance activities in different sectors were reported by the assessors as mostly operated in silos with limited cross-sectoral collaboration.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Implementation of Pakistan’s National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance in the Agriculture and Food Sectors

Qiu,

Ferreira,

Ullah

et al. 2024

Antibiotics

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The agriculture and food (agrifood) sectors play key roles in the emergence, spread, and containment of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Pakistan’s first National Action Plan (NAP) on AMR was developed to guide One Health interventions to combat AMR through 2017–2022. To improve subsequent iterations, we assessed the implementation of Pakistan’s NAP in the agrifood sectors (NAPag) in October 2022, using the Progressive Management Pathway on AMR tool developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The assessment tool addressed four crucial focus areas of the NAPag: governance, awareness, evidence, and practices. Each focus area contains multiple topics, which involve four sequential stages of activities to progressively achieve systematic management of AMR risk in the agrifood sectors. High-level representatives of the NAPag stakeholders provided information for the assessment through pre-event documentary review and workshop discussions. The assessment results showed that Pakistan’s NAPag had an overall moderate coverage (59%) of the anticipated activities. Gaps were particularly notable in strengthening governance, good practices, and interventions in non-livestock sectors. Furthermore, only 12% of the evaluated activities were fully executed and documented, consistently remaining at the planning and piloting stages in the livestock sector across all the examined topics. Insufficient attention to non-livestock sectors, inadequate regulation and enforcement capacity, and resource constraints have hindered scalable and sustainable interventions under the current plan. This assessment provides valuable insights to strengthen the inclusiveness and contribution of the agrifood sectors in the next NAP iteration. In the short-to-medium term, strategic prioritization is necessary to optimize the use of limited resources and target the most critical gaps, such as improving awareness among key stakeholders and fortifying regulations for prudent antimicrobial use. In the long term, integration of AMR into the country’s broader health, development, and agricultural transformation agendas will be needed to generate sustainable benefits.

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“…Fish vibriosis is widespread in the seas and brackish waters, affecting both marine and coastal freshwater fish of various species, including salmon, cod, eel, herring, perch, and flounder [71]. Along with fish vibriosis, Aeromonas septicemia, edwardsiellosis, columnaris and streptococcus, as well as a number of other diseases, are largely responsible for economic losses in aquaculture production [72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilm formation and auto-aggregation abilities of novel targeted aqua-probiotics

Մանվելյան¹,

Բալայան²,

Miralimova³

et al. 2023

FFHD

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Background: The probiotics’ auto-aggregation and biofilm formation abilities have a significant role in the development of biotechnological processes.Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the biofilm formation and auto-aggregation abilities of novel, targeted aqua-probiotics isolated from aquatic organisms.Methods: The biofilm formation abilities of Lactobacillus delbrueckii str. UZ-1, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum str. R3, Lactococcus str. UZ-2, Enterococcus faecium str. R2, Pediococcus acidilactici str. N from the culture collection of the Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Bacillus subtilis str. 1R, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens str. 4R and from the culture collection of the Southern Federal University of Russa and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus str. 1A and Enterococcus str. 9-3 from the culture collection of the Armenian National Agrarian University were assessed.Results: According to the investigations, the biofilm formation abilities of Lactobacillus delbrueckii str. UZ-1, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum str. R3, Lactococcus str. UZ-2, Enterococcus faecium str. R2, Pediococcus acidilactici str. N, Bacillus subtilis str. 1R, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens str. 4R, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens str. 5R, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus str. 1A and Enterococcus str. 9-3 were 0.119 ± 0.05D, 0.113 ± 0.065D, 0.196 ± 0.04D, 0.116 ± 0.01D, 0.152 ± 0.05D, 0.74 ± 0.15D, 2.621± 0.55D, 1.831 ± 0.45D, and 0.227 ± 0.04D and 0.483 ± 0.15D respectively. The highest rate of auto-aggregation was shown by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens str. 5R, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens str. 4R was the strain with the highest ability to form biofilm. These two Bacillus strains are also distinguished by the highest DNA protective properties and relatively low antioxidant activity. Despite the fact that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens str. 5R showed the highest rate of auto-aggregation after 2 hours, this strain showed the lowest level of auto-aggregation among the studied strains after 24 hours. The Enterococcus str. 9-3 strain with the highest antioxidant activity showed 0.483 ± 0.15D biofilm formation ability.Conclusion: The novel targeted aquaprobiotics have distinct biofilm formation and aggregation properties, which are important to consider when planning appropriate biotechnological processes, requiring specific membrane properties of probiotics.Graphical Abstract: Membrane properties of novel targeted aquaprobiotics.Keywords: Lactobacilli, aqua-probiotic, antioxidant activity, biofilm formation, aggregation, Enterococcus str. 9-3

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Resistance Patterns of Frequently Applied Antimicrobials and Occurrence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Edwardsiella tarda Detected in Edwardsiellosis-Infected Tilapia Species of Fish Farms of Punjab in Pakistan

Cited by 11 publications

References 56 publications

Investigation of mass mortality caused by multi-drug resistant Edwardsiella tarda in Oscar fish, Astronotus ocellatus from an ornamental fish farm, Kerala

Investigation of mass mortality caused by multi-drug resistant Edwardsiella tarda in Oscar fish, Astronotus ocellatus from an ornamental fish farm, Kerala

Assessment of the Implementation of Pakistan’s National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance in the Agriculture and Food Sectors

Biofilm formation and auto-aggregation abilities of novel targeted aqua-probiotics

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