Resistance studies of Salmonella typhimurium in chicks on a tylosin feed

Ridgway, Frank; Ryden, R.

doi:10.1016/0021-9975(66)90044-2

Journal of Comparative Pathology

1966

DOI: 10.1016/0021-9975(66)90044-2

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Resistance studies of Salmonella typhimurium in chicks on a tylosin feed

Frank Ridgway¹,

R. Ryden²

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“…We also note that E. coli is known to be present in feed and that E. coli on the cattle head and in the oral cavity could contaminate water troughs (34)(35)(36)(37). Furthermore, we also noted that the ration fed to study animals at times included the antimicrobials tylosin and monensin (see Table S1 in the supplemental material); however, the presence of these antimicrobials in feed should not impact E. coli due to the intrinsic resistance of E. coli to these antimicrobials (38)(39)(40)(41). Other factors potentially impacting the occurrences of E. coli include ambient temperature and season (42-44).…”

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confidence: 96%

Effects of In-Feed Chlortetracycline Prophylaxis in Beef Cattle on Animal Health and Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli

Agga

Schmidt

Arthur

2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Concerns have been raised that in-feed chlortetracycline (CTC) may increase antimicrobial resistance (AMR), specifically tetracycline-resistant (TET r ) Escherichia coli and third-generation cephalosporin-resistant (3GC r ) E. coli. We evaluated the impact of a 5-day in-feed CTC prophylaxis on animal health, TET r E. coli, and 3GC r E. coli. A control group of cattle (n ‫؍‬ 150) received no CTC, while a CTC group (n ‫؍‬ 150) received in-feed CTC (10 mg/lb of body weight/day) from the 5th to the 9th day after feedlot arrival. Over 25% (38/150) of the animals in the control group developed illnesses requiring therapeutic treatment with antimicrobials critically important to human medicine. Only two animals (1.3%) in the CTC group required such treatments. Fecal swab and pen surface occurrences of generic E. coli (isolated on media that did not contain antimicrobials of interest and were not isolated based on any specific resistance), TET r E. coli, and 3GC r E. coli were determined on five sampling occasions: arrival at the feedlot, 5 days posttreatment (5 dpt), 27 dpt, 75 dpt, and 117 dpt. On 5 dpt, TET r E. coli concentrations were higher for the CTC group than the control group (P < 0.01). On 27 dpt, 75 dpt, and 117 dpt, TET r E. coli concentrations did not differ between groups. 3GC r E. coli occurrences did not differ between control and CTC groups on any sampling occasion. For both groups, generic, TET r , and 3GC r E. coli occurrences were highest on 75 dpt and 117 dpt, suggesting that factors other than in-feed CTC contributed more significantly to antimicrobial-resistant E. coli occurrence. IMPORTANCEThe occurrence of human bacterial infections resistant to antimicrobial therapy has been increasing. It has been postulated that antimicrobial resistance was inevitable, but the life span of the antimicrobial era has been prematurely compromised due to the misuse of antimicrobials in clinical and agricultural practices. Direct evidence relating the use of antimicrobials in livestock production to diminished human health outcomes due to antimicrobial resistance is lacking, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has taken an approach to maximize therapeutic efficacy and minimize the selection of resistant microorganisms through judicious use of antimicrobials. This study demonstrated that prophylactic in-feed treatment of chlortetracycline administered for 5 days to calves entering feedlots is judicious, as this therapy reduced animal morbidity, reduced the use of antimicrobials more critical to human health, and had no long-term impact on the occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli.

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confidence: 96%

Effects of In-Feed Chlortetracycline Prophylaxis in Beef Cattle on Animal Health and Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli

Agga

Schmidt

Arthur

2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Epidemiological studies onSalmonella senftenberg: II. Infections in farm animals

Hugh‐Jones¹

1969

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYBetween August 1964 and November 1965Salmonella senftenbergwas isolated from poultry, sheep and cattle on eight farms in England and Scotland. From an analysis of the case records its presence would appear to be incidental; but it may contribute to poultry mortality by acting in conjunction with other intercurrent infections or following stressful events such as severe debeaking or cold brooder conditions.I should like to thank the officers of the veterinary field investigation and research services who made available their records and notes for this work, and who visited the farms and hatcheries, but especially Mr R. Duff, Veterinary Laboratory, Lasswade, for his reports on the turkey poults from farm A; also Dr Betty Hobbs and Mr B. Hanson for their valuable criticisms.

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Maximum levels of cross‐contamination for 24 antimicrobial active substances in non‐target feed. Part 6: Macrolides: tilmicosin, tylosin and tylvalosin

Koutsoumanis¹,

Allende²,

Álvarez‐Ordóñez³

et al. 2021

EFS2

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The specific concentrations of tilmicosin, tylosin and tylvalosin in non-target feed for food-producing animals, below which there would not be an effect on the emergence of, and/or selection for, resistance in bacteria relevant for human and animal health, as well as the specific antimicrobial concentrations in feed which have an effect in terms of growth promotion/increased yield, were assessed by EFSA in collaboration with EMA. Details of the methodology used for this assessment, associated data gaps and uncertainties, are presented in a separate document. To address antimicrobial resistance, the Feed Antimicrobial Resistance Selection Concentration (FARSC) model developed specifically for the assessment was applied. However, due to the lack of data on the parameters required to calculate the FARSC, it was not possible to conclude the assessment until further experimental data become available. To address growth promotion, data from scientific publications obtained from an extensive literature review were used. Levels in feed that showed to have an effect on growth promotion/increased yield were reported for tilmicosin and tylosin, whilst for tylvalosin no suitable data for the assessment were available. It was recommended to carry out studies to generate the data that are required to fill the gaps which prevented the calculation of the FARSC for these three antimicrobials.

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Resistance studies of Salmonella typhimurium in chicks on a tylosin feed

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Effects of In-Feed Chlortetracycline Prophylaxis in Beef Cattle on Animal Health and Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli

Effects of In-Feed Chlortetracycline Prophylaxis in Beef Cattle on Animal Health and Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli

Epidemiological studies onSalmonella senftenberg: II. Infections in farm animals

Maximum levels of cross‐contamination for 24 antimicrobial active substances in non‐target feed. Part 6: Macrolides: tilmicosin, tylosin and tylvalosin

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Resistance studies of Salmonella typhimurium in chicks on a tylosin feed

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Effects of In-Feed Chlortetracycline Prophylaxis in Beef Cattle on Animal Health and Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli

Effects of In-Feed Chlortetracycline Prophylaxis in Beef Cattle on Animal Health and Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli

Epidemiological studies onSalmonella senftenberg: II. Infections in farm animals

Maximum levels of cross‐contamination for 24 antimicrobial active substances in non‐target feed. Part 6: Macrolides: tilmicosin, tylosin and tylvalosin

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Maximum levels of cross‐contamination for 24 antimicrobial active substances in non‐target feed. Part 6: Macrolides: tilmicosin, tylosin and tylvalosin