Resistance to anthracnose of French bean

Mercer, P. C.; Wood, R. K. S.; Greenwood, A. D.

doi:10.1016/0048-4059(74)90016-2

Cited by 40 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Our observations that culture filtrates of C. lindemuthianum contain heat stable molecules that can cause browning in bean hypocotyls confirm the observations of Skipp and Deverall (37) and of Mercer et al (28). Skipp and Deverall (37) showed that application of the culture filtrate to bean tissues caused the treated tissues to become resistant to otherwise virulent races of C. lindemuthianum.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…The synthesis of the four phytoalexins occurs much sooner in an incompatible reaction than in a compatible reaction. The incompatible reaction usually involves a hypersensitive response in those cells that are initially invaded by the pathogen (5,28,37). It has been suggested (5,7) that the early synthesis of phytoalexins in an incompatible reaction can account for the restricted growth of the pathogen that is characteristic of the hypersensitive response.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Host-Pathogen Interactions

Anderson-Prouty

Albersheim²

1975

Plant Physiol.

134

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A polysaccharide from the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum lindemuthianum causes browning and phytoalexin production when applied to the cut surfaces of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cotyledons and hypocotyls. The application of an amount of polysaccharide equivalent to less than 100 ng of glucose will elicit this response in the bean tissues. The polysaccharide has been isolated both from culture filtrates and from the mycelial walls of the fungus. Purification of the polysaccharide involved anion and cation exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The polysaccharide has an apparent molecular weight between 1,000,000 and 5,000,000 daltons, and consists predominantly of 3-and 4-linked glucosyl residues.Beans synthesize several phytoalexins in response to attack by pathogens (5-7, 28, 33, 38, 42). Four of these phytoalexins have been isolated and characterized as phaseollin, phaseollidin, phaseollinisoflavan, and kievitone (5,6,30,31,38,42). The synthesis of these phytoalexins has been demonstrated in beans that have responded to attack by C. lindemuthianum (5,7,25). The synthesis of the four phytoalexins occurs much sooner in an incompatible reaction than in a compatible reaction. The incompatible reaction usually involves a hypersensitive response in those cells that are initially invaded by the pathogen (5, 28, 37). It has been suggested (5, 7) that the early synthesis of phytoalexins in an incompatible reaction can account for the restricted growth of the pathogen that is characteristic of the hypersensitive response.Synthesis of phytoalexins in plant tissues can be stimulated by molecules, elicitors (23), that are produced by plant pathogens (12, 23,24,34,43). However, only in one example (12) has the elicitor been purified and partially characterized. This elicitor, a small peptide isolated from the mycelia of Monilinia fructicola, is active on tissues of a nonhost of this pathogen, but the effect of the peptide on tissues of the hosts of M. fructicola has not been reported.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Host-Pathogen Interactions

Anderson-Prouty

Albersheim²

1975

Plant Physiol.

134

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“…Other components are mainly proteins (e.g. peroxidases and antimicrobial thionins) and phenols as well as various amounts of unclassified compounds (Aist and Williams, 1971;Mercer et al, 1974;Mims et al, 2000). In addition to microbial stress, the local deposition of callose is also induced by abiotic stress and wounding (Wheeler, 1974;Ryals et al, 1996;Jacobs et al, 2003;Mauch-Mani and Mauch, 2005).…”

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confidence: 99%

Elevated Early Callose Deposition Results in Complete Penetration Resistance to Powdery Mildew in Arabidopsis

et al. 2013

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A common response by plants to fungal attack is deposition of callose, a (1,3)-b-glucan polymer, in the form of cell wall thickenings called papillae, at site of wall penetration. While it has been generally believed that the papillae provide a structural barrier to slow fungal penetration, this idea has been challenged in recent studies of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), where fungal resistance was found to be independent of callose deposition. To the contrary, we show that callose can strongly support penetration resistance when deposited in elevated amounts at early time points of infection. We generated transgenic Arabidopsis lines that express POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANT4 (PMR4), which encodes a stress-induced callose synthase, under the control of the constitutive 35S promoter. In these lines, we detected callose synthase activity that was four times higher than that in wild-type plants 6 h post inoculation with the virulent powdery mildew Golovinomyces cichoracearum. The callose synthase activity was correlated with enlarged callose deposits and the focal accumulation of green fluorescent protein-tagged PMR4 at sites of attempted fungal penetration. We observed similar results from infection studies with the nonadapted powdery mildew Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. Haustoria formation was prevented in resistant transgenic lines during both types of powdery mildew infection, and neither the salicylic acid-dependent nor jasmonate-dependent pathways were induced. We present a schematic model that highlights the differences in callose deposition between the resistant transgenic lines and the susceptible wild-type plants during compatible and incompatible interactions between Arabidopsis and powdery mildew.Land plants are exposed to a wide range of potential pathogens and, accordingly, have evolved a variety of strategies that facilitate an early and rapid recognition of pathogens and the mobilization of biochemical and structural defenses. As a result, successful infection of plants by pathogens is the exception rather than the rule (

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“…Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is a hemibiotrophic fungus causing anthracnose in French bean plants. The cytology of the infection process is relatively well known (Mercer et al 1974, O'Connell et al 1985 and it is used here to demonstrate the major features of disease development and plant defence responses evoked by infection.…”

Section: Plant Defence Responses To Fungal Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenic infection and the oxidative defences in plant apoplast

et al. 2001

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The structural and functional continuum of the plant apoplast is the first site of contact with a pathogen and plays a crucial role in initiation and coordination of many defence responses. In this paper, we present an overview of the involvement of the plant apoplast in plant-pathogen interactions. The process of infection of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is analysed. The ultrastructural features of plant defence responses to fungal infection are then compared with those observed in plants or cell suspensions treated with various elicitors. Changes in cell walls and in whole plant cells responding to infection seem to be highly similar in all systems used. Model systems of French bean and white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) are then utilised to provide some biochemical characteristics of oxidative reactions in the apoplast evoked by elicitor treatment. The species specificity of various mechanisms generating reactive oxygen species is discussed, and some details of pH-dependent H2O2-generating activity of peroxidases are demonstrated. As its exocellular nature is an important feature of the oxidative burst, the major consequence of this event, i.e., the oxidative cross-linking of wall components during the papilla formation and strengthening of the walls, is analysed. Finally, the possible involvement of other wall-associated and developmentally regulated H2O2-generating mechanisms, like amine and oxalate oxidases, in plant defence is demonstrated. It is concluded that under stress conditions, such apoplastic mechanisms might be employed to increase plants' chances of survival.

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Resistance to anthracnose of French bean

Cited by 40 publications

References 16 publications

Host-Pathogen Interactions

Host-Pathogen Interactions

Elevated Early Callose Deposition Results in Complete Penetration Resistance to Powdery Mildew in Arabidopsis

Pathogenic infection and the oxidative defences in plant apoplast

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