Resistance to Change

Abstract

This article introduces and discusses the reasons of why people may resist change. Furthermore, the concept of change readiness and its antecedents are explored and it is highlighted that resistance to change can be regarded as (i) a multidimensional attitude and (ii) as a source of improving the quality of change decision‐making.

Elephant megacarcasses increase local nutrient pools in African savanna soils and plants

“…Microbial respiration potential was also elevated towards the center of carcass sites and was strongly correlated with the influx of organic C (Figure 3A). Finally, %N (Figure 4A) and 15 N in grass (Figure 4B) were both elevated closer to the centers of carcass sites compared to grass farther from carcasses.…”

“…The top models for 15 N (Figure 2D) were (i) distance and (ii) soil + distance. 15 N was greatest in granitic soils and decreased with distance regardless of soil type, indicating that the proportion of animal-sourced N was greater near the center of the carcass site. The top model for phosphate (Figure 2E) was soil type + distance + soil type × distance interaction.…”

“…To test our third hypothesis that carcass-derived nutrients would move from soil into plants, we measured foliar nutrient concentrations in U. mosambicensis. We dried each leaf sample in a drying oven at 60°C for 48 hours, ground dried samples with a Retsch MM400 mill (Germany), and sent 2 g of each dry sample to the BIOGRIP laboratory for measurements of %N and 15 N via stable isotope analysis as described above. Additionally, we sent 5 g per sample to Cedara Analytical Services Laboratory to quantify micronutrients in grass tissue (P, Na, Mg, K, Ca, and Fe) using a microwave-assisted digestion procedure (Ethos UP, Magna Analytical) and an Agilent ICP-MS mass spectrometer.…”

“…Further, we examined the effects of elephant carcasses on the two main soil types in KNP: sandy, relatively nutrient-poor granitic soils and clayey, nutrient-rich basaltic soils (Venter et al 2003). At each site, we ran transects in each cardinal direction from the center of the site where an elephant died, collecting samples of soil and a palatable grass species (Urochloa mosambicensis) at 0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 15 m. We then analyzed soil samples for CNP content, quantified soil microbial respiration potential, and measured %N and 15 N in grass tissue. We hypothesized that: (H1) elephant megacarcass decomposition would release nutrients into soil, resulting in higher concentrations of soil N, P, and micronutrients near the center of carcass sites; (H2) C inputs to the soil would stimulate microbial activity, resulting in increased soil respiration potential near the center of carcass sites; and (H3) carcass-derived nutrients would move from soil into plants, resulting in higher foliar nutrient concentrations near the center of carcass sites.…”