“…Nevertheless a K. aberrans strain, detected in North Italian vineyards under conditions of integrated pest management strategies (IPM) (Posenato, 1994), was also successfully released in other vineyards and apple orchards following organic or IPM strategies (Duso et al, 2007(Duso et al, , 2009Ahmad et al, 2013). Recently, bioassay studies have confirmed significant levels of chlorpyrifos resistance in this strain (Tirello et al, 2012) but molecular markers associated with this insensitivity are still unknown.…”