Resistance to deltamethrin and fenitrothion in dubas bug, Ommatissus lybicus de Bergevin (Homoptera: Tropiduchidae) and possible biochemical mechanisms

Abstract

Environmental pollution, ill-effects on human health, insecticide resistance development and insect pest resurgence are some serious problems that may arise due to excessive chemical spraying for pest control. Despite of heavy aerial and surface insecticide spraying, incomplete control of Ommatissus lybicus de Bergevin 1930 (Homoptera: Tropiduchidae) is reported in Oman every year, which requires investigation of insecticides resistance in pest. fifteen populations of O. lybicus, collected from diverse vicinities were exposed along with a deltamethrin-selected (DeL-SeL) and lab-susceptible (LAB-SUS) strain to deltamethrin and fenitrothion insecticides in bioassay tests for estimation of their resistance status. All the field populations of O. lybicus, exhibited minor (RR = 3-5-folds) to low (RR = 5-10-folds) levels of resistance to deltamethrin, however, two out fifteen populations collected from Al-Hajir and Sint were found susceptible against fenitrothion (RR < 3-folds). Enzyme assays were conducted to detect the activities of cytochrome p-450-reductase (CPR), glutathione s-transferase (GST) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the field collected, DEL-SEL and LAB-SUS strains of O. lybicus. Results revealed significantly increased activities of all enzymes in the field collected as well as DEL-SEL strains of O. lybicus when compared with LAB-SUS strains.

Safety Evaluation of Chemical Insecticides to Tetrastichus howardi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a Pupal Parasitoid of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Using Three Exposure Routes

“…Chemical insecticides have been widely used starting from the last century, and they are the mainstream technology for pest control due to their high efficiency and easy operation. However, chemical control can adversely affect parasitic wasps’ physiological and behavioral, which are important beneficial arthropods in biological control [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. These effects usually occur days following initial pesticide application [ 6 ].…”

Impact of Initial Population Density of the Dubas Bug, Ommatissus lybicus (Hemiptera: Tropiduchidae), on Oviposition Behaviour, Chlorophyll, Biomass and Nutritional Response of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera)

“…Endophytic oviposition, probing, and salivation during feeding result in anatomical changes and mechanical injury to palm tissues [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Severe insect infestations can cause up to 50% date palm yield loss [ 12 , 13 , 14 ] and are associated with significant reductions in fruit size, sweetness, and delayed date ripening [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. As a bivoltine, O. lybicus produces a spring generation (February to May) and an autumn generation (August to November) per year [ 2 , 19 ].…”

Transparent, Flexible Plasmonic Ag NP/PMMA Substrates Using Chemically Patterned Ferroelectric Crystals for Detecting Pesticides on Curved Surfaces

“…The degradation products of PT are 4-nitrophenol, 4-aminophenol, diethyl phosphoric acid, and diethyl thiophosphoric acid, which have a critical negative impact on human health. , The photodegradation or hydrolysis process of FNT produces toxic secondary metabolites, such as 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol and fenitrooxon. The toxicity of PT and FNT is believed to be due to the effective inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which generates behavioral and sensory disturbances in humans by creating an imbalance in the neurotransmitter (acetylthiocholine) in the nervous system. , Their toxicity also leads to other adverse effects, such as delayed muscle weakness, DNA damage, respiratory paralysis, decreased concentration of sperm cells, and even death. , The Environmental Protection Agency and the World Health Organization have set the maximum permissible limit of PT and FNT in drinking water as 0.05–1 mg/Kg and 0.001 mg/L, respectively. , In view of the pernicious effects of PT and FNT on the ecological system, many researchers urge to develop novel and suitable sensing strategies for sensitive, rapid, and accurate quantification of pesticides in real-world samples.…”