Resistance to first‐line tuberculosis drugs in three cities of Nigeria

Abstract

Summaryobjectives To determine the levels of resistance to first-line tuberculosis drugs in three cities in three geopolitical zones in Nigeria.methods A total of 527 smear-positive sputum samples from Abuja, Ibadan and Nnewi were cultured on BACTEC-MGIT 960. Drug susceptibility tests (DST) for streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin and ethambutol were performed on 428 culture-positive samples on BACTEC-MGIT960.results Eight per cent of the specimens cultured were multi-drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB) with varying levels of resistance to individual and multiple first-line drugs. MDR was strongly associated with previous treatment: 5% of new and 19% of previously treated patients had MDR-TB (OR 4.1 (95% CI 1.9-8.8), P = 0.001) and with young adult age: 63% of patients with and 38% without MDR-TB were 25-34 years old (P = 0.01). HIV status was documented in 71%. There was no association between MDR-TB and HIV coinfection (P = 0.9) and gender (P > 0.2 for both).conclusions MDR-TB is an emerging problem in Nigeria. Developing good quality drug susceptibility test facilities, routine monitoring of drug susceptibility and improved health systems for the delivery of and adherence to first-and second-line treatment are imperative to solve this problem.keywords multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis, urban cities, first-line TB drugs, newly diagnosed and previously treated TB, HIV

Prevalence and Drug Resistance Patterns ofMycobacterium tuberculosisamong New Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Eastern Ethiopia

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A Molecular Epidemiological and Genetic Diversity Study of Tuberculosis in Ibadan, Nnewi and Abuja, Nigeria

“…These are cities situated in three different geopolitical zones of Nigeria, as reported in Lawson et al , 2011 [2]. Five hundred twenty patients were recruited (520), including 433 newly diagnosed patients with pulmonary TB (PTB) and 87 patients with PTB who had failed to respond to first-line TB treatment attending TB diagnostic centres in three different geopolitical zones of Nigeria.…”

“…(2011) in Nigeria using molecular markers and we estimate the recent TB transmission rate in Nigeria [2]. We also identify the main clades of circulating genotypes.…”

Novel anti-tuberculosis drug designs by data mining for similarity in substituent substitution and structure modification

“…9 MDR-TB is recognized as an emerging problem in Nigeria in which 8% of diagnosed cases were MDR-TB, and it is strongly associated with previous treatment. 10 Kazakhstan is one of 14 nations having high morbidity to MDR-TB with resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin. 11 In 2006 the World Health Organization estimated that nearly 500,000 cases of MDR-TB occurred with new cases of XDR-TB (a MDR-TB instance that is also resistant to a fluoroquinolone and at least one second line agent) reported in 45 nations on all five continents.…”