Resistance to imidacloprid in different field populations of Aphis gossypii Glover (Hem.: Aphididae) in South of Iran

Abstract

The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a key cucurbits pest in Iran and is managed with repeated insecticide applications. Reports of insecticide control failures have recently increased, particularly with imidacloprid. To quantify resistance to imidacloprid in cotton aphid, seven populations were collected from 7 different places in South of Iran (Shiraz, Jahrom, Saadatshahr, Marvdasht, Kavar, Sadra1 and Sadra2, all in Fars province). To estimate the response of 5 days old A. gossypii populations to imidacloprid, leaf dip bioassays were performed in the laboratory. Lethal concentrations at 50% (LC50) values were estimated by probit analysis and used to calculate the resistance ratios (RR). The bioassay results showed significant discrepancy in susceptibility to imidacloprid among the populations. The lowest and highest LD50 were estimated for Shiraz population with 37.09 and Sadra1 with 636.80 mg mL -1 respectively. The highest levels of resistance to imidacloprid were detected for Sadra1 (RR=17.17 fold). In the other populations some levels of resistance were detected. In Jahrom, Kavar, Marvdasht and SaadatShahr populations the RRs were from 3.85 to 7.11. As emphasized by the slope of responses and after a comparison of RRs with other studies it is supposed that resistant populations appear in first stages of development and have the ability to become more resistant with age.

Detoxification enzymes associated with flupyradifurone resistance in greenhouse whitefly

“…Yet owing to excessive reliance on neonicotinoid insecticides for pest management worldwide, many field‐collected populations of whitefly, aphid, planthopper, psyllid, etc., have evolved resistance to several widely used insecticides, including imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, and acetamiprid. In addition, they have different levels of cross‐resistance (An et al, 2018; Salehi‐Sedeh et al, 2020; Seyedebrahimi et al, 2016; Tian et al, 2018; Zhang, 2021; Zhang et al, 2017a). Flupyradifurone is a novel class of butenolide insecticide that targets nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and exhibits good biological activity against hemipteran insects, and is safe for bees.…”

Selection and characterization of thermotolerant Beauveria bassiana isolates and with insecticidal activity against the cotton‐melon aphid Aphis gossypii (Glover) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

“…6 The intensive use of chemical insecticides to manage A. gossypii on cucurbit and citrus crops has led to the development of resistance. This aphid has evolved resistance to 50 active ingredients worldwide [7][8][9][10] (see https://www.pesticideresistance.org). Furthermore, overuse of these insecticides has had serious undesirable effects on the environment and human health, [11][12][13][14] while also leaving residues in fruits 15,16 that reduce market value and may lead to rejection in export markets.…”