Resistance to some organophosphorus insecticides in field populations of <i>Myzus persicae</i> from sugar beet in 1974

Needham, P. H.; Devonshire, A. L.

doi:10.1002/ps.2780060516

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…If pirimicarb-resistant aphids were to spread to cucumber from chrysanthemums, growers would have to control them with another insecticide, which might be harmful t:o the red spider predator. Insecticide resistance has previously been reported in other British aphid species (Needham and Devonshire, 1975;Muir, 1979) including Myzus persicae (Sulz.) infesting chrysanthemums under glass (Wyatt, 1965).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Pirimicarb resistance in the melon and cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover

1980

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SUMMARY The resistance to pirimicarb of populations of Aphis gossypii Glover from several glasshouses in England was studied in the laboratory by topical applications of insecticide and by electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing of aphid esterases. When compared with a known susceptible population, the aphids were found to be resistant to pirimicarb. Esterase patterns produced from resistant populations by poly‐acrylamide gel and starch gel electrophoresis and by isoelectric focusing consistently differed in both numbers of bands and migration rates from the susceptible type. Resistant A. gossypii were found infesting only chrysanthemums and would not transfer to cucumber, the host of the susceptible population.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Pirimicarb resistance in the melon and cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover

1980

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“…As a consequence of the extensive and widespread use of chemical insecticides in order to control aphids, there has been a rapid development of insecticide resistance throughout the world, and although there are reports of many resistant aphid species, the problem is most persistent and widespread in a few, of which M. persicae is one (Devonshire, 1989). In the UK, resistance was first detected in glasshouses (Needham & Sawicki, 1971) and subsequently in field crops on sugar beet in the early 1970's (Needham & Devonshire, 1974). Attention is now being focused on integrated control schemes in which host plant resistance must have a central role.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgenic potato plants with enhanced resistance to the peach‐potato aphid Myzus persicae

Gatehouse

Down

Powell

et al. 1996

Entomologia Exp Applicata

177

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Potato plants (Solanum tuberosum) cv. Desireé were transformed with the genes encoding the proteins bean chitinase (BCH), snowdrop lectin (GNA) and wheat α‐amylase inhibitor (WAI) under the control of the constitutive CaMV 35S promoter. Transgenic plants with detectable levels of foreign RNA were then selected for further characterisation with respect to protein expression levels by immunodot blot analysis using polyclonal antibodies raised against the respective protein. With the exception of WAI, plants expressing high levels of RNA, expressed correspondingly high levels of the foreign protein (1.5–2.0% of the total soluble protein). Although high levels of WAI mRNA were detected in some of the transformants, the protein could not be detected. On the bases of expression levels, two lines, designated PWG6#85 (transformed with the double construct WAI/GNA) and PBG6#47 (transformed with the double construct BCH/GNA), were selected for testing in aphid trials for enhanced levels of resistance. Both transgenic lines had a marked and significant effect on fecundity. The number of nymphs produced per female per day peaked at 4.1 and 4.2 for lines PBG6#47 and PWG6#85 respectively, compared to a value of 5.4 on control plants. Total nymphal production was also significantly lower on either of the transgenic lines compared to control plants (P<0.001) with the differences between the lines being only just significant (P=0.058). On line PBG6#47 there was a delay in nymphal production of 1.6 days, representing a delay of 1 5%, and on line PWG6#85 this was 3.2 days, representing a delay of ca. 30%. The intrinsic rates of increase (rm) were also significantly lower on both of the transgenic lines in comparison to that on control plants (P<0.001), however the differences between the lines were not significant. The potential of using such genes as part of an over all strategy for the control of aphid populations is discussed.

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“…The insecticide parathion has first been used in the USA in 1950, but already in 1952 the dosage had to be increased for an effective control of the green peach aphid in potato fields (SHOPP et al 1961). First reports on the occurrence of resistant clones in Great Britain from greenhouses were two years later followed by the detection of three-fold differences in organophosphate susceptibility between aphid clones in sugar beet fields (NEEDHAM and DUNNING 1965); these increased during the next ten years even in the field to 30-fold differences between clones (NEEDHAM and DEVONSHIRE 1975). Resistance against organophosphates occurred in Germany at first in the Lower Rhine Valley about 1962 in greenhouses (BAERECKE 1962), their presence in sugar beet fields was demonstrated by THIELEMANN (1980) in 1975.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This species is a potent virus vector on many crops like potatoes, sugar beets and vegetables and therefore requires effective control measures even at a low infestation level. Especially the wide spread use of relatively inexpensive organophosphates resulted for example in Great Britain (WYATT 1965;NEEDHAM and DEVONSHIRE 1975), USA (SHOPP et al 1961), Czechoslovakia (HURKOVA 1970), and Germany (BAERECKE 1962;THIELEMANN 1980) in the occurrence of highly resistant biotypes in greenhouses as well as in the field. Resistance is also known for carbamates (SAWICKI et al 1978;ATTIA et al 1979) and pyrethroids (OTTO 1980;BUCHI 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population genetics of insecticide resistance in the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulz.) (Homoptera, Aphididae)

Weber

1985

Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie

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More than 1000 clones of Myzus persicae were established from single aphids, which were sampled from sugar beets, potatoes, salad, turnips, several weed species and peach trees during 1980, 1981 und 1982 in the Lower Rhine Valley, West Germany. The susceptibility of all aphid clones to the organophosphorous insecticide “parathion” was analysed and compared with data on the respective clone‐specific host plant adaptation. Clones differ more than 3000 times in their LC50. The degree of resistance is not correlated with any measure of fitness analysed. The anholocyclic clonepopulation includes a significantly higher percentage of resistant genotypes than the holocyclic Mendelian‐population. Field experiments showed a high proportion of resistant aphids in several sugar beet fields, which were treated two weeks earlier with organophosphates. Six weeks after the treatment, the population resembled in its average susceptibility and in its variability untreated field populations. Zusammenfassung Populationsgenetik der Insektizidresistenz bei der Grünen Pfirsichblattlaus, Myzus persicae (Sulz.) (Homoptera, Aphididae) Über drei Jahre wurden im Rheinland und am Niederrhein insgesamt mehr als 1000 Freilandherkünfte von Myzus persicae im Labor getrennt in Dauerzucht genommen und auf ihre Anfälligkeit gegenüber dem organischen Phosphorsäureester ”Parathion„ untersucht. Dabei ergab sich eine breite Variabilität der Gesamtpopulation mit bis zu 3000fachen Unterschieden zwischen einzelnen Blattlausklonen. Die genetisch bedingte Anfälligkeit eines Klons kann durch den Einfluß verschiedener Wirtspflanzen modifiziert werden, eine Interaktion von klonspezifischer Wirtspflanzenanpassung und Resistenzgrad ließ sich nicht eindeutig nachweisen. Die anholozyklische Klon‐Population ist durch einen wesentlich höheren Anteil resistenter Genotypen charakterisiert als die holozyklische Mendel‐Population. Allerdings ist die anholozyklische Population nicht homogen, da nur gelbe und gelb‐grüne, nicht aber grüne anholozyklische Läuse zu einem hohen Anteil resistent sind. Im Freiland konnte nach der Anwendung von Insektiziden ein hoher Anteil resistenter Tiere in einigen Feldern nachgewiesen werden, der sechs Wochen später aber wieder auf den Level der normal anfälligen Populationen zurückgefallen war. Insgesamt ließ sich keine Korrelation zwischen dem Grad der Insektizidresistenz und dem Anpassungsgrad eines Klons an die Wirtspflanzen ”Rübe„ oder Kartoffel„ nachweisen. Nur in Einzelfällen kam es in der untersuchten Population nach einer Insektizidapplikation zu negativen Korrelationen zwischen Merkmalen. Die Ergebnisse werden aus populationsgenetischer Sicht in ihrer Bedeutung für den Pflanzenschutz diskutiert.

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Resistance to some organophosphorus insecticides in field populations of Myzus persicae from sugar beet in 1974

Cited by 26 publications

References 4 publications

Pirimicarb resistance in the melon and cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover

Pirimicarb resistance in the melon and cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover

Transgenic potato plants with enhanced resistance to the peach‐potato aphid Myzus persicae

Population genetics of insecticide resistance in the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulz.) (Homoptera, Aphididae)

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