Background: The clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of primary clear cell carcinoma of the liver (PCCCL) remain unknown. Aims: We aimed to determine the clinical, pathological, demographic, and therapeutic characteristics of PCCCL and the effects of these factors on the prognosis. Methods: Patients were selected from the "Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results" (SEER) database. Data were analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier, Cox proportional hazards regression, and multivariate ordinal regression analyses. Results: We included 248 PCCCL patients with an average age of 64.1 years. The majority (50.4%) had low pathological grade (grade I/II). The 3-, 5-, and 10-year overall survival (OS) probabilities and disease-specific survival (DSS) rates were 33.8%, 23.2%, 12.2%, and 39.8%, 28.3%, 19.1%, respectively. The widowed patients (OS, P=0.271; DSS, P=0.022) with tumor ≥ 1 cm (OS, P=0.001; DSS, P=0.002) had a higher risk of death. Uninsurance and medicaid were independently associated with a shorter survival (OS, P=0.029; DSS, P=0.017). Among surgical means, total proctectomy along with total colectomy, and wedge or segmental resection/partial proctosigmoidectomy were more beneficial to PCCCL. The black PCCCL patients had a poorer survival than the white group. Furthermore, pathological grade I PCCCL was more likely to present AJCC stage I (P=0.005, OR=-1.062). Conclusion: PCCCL patients had a poor outcome. PCCCL was inclined to be localized, male-prevalent and lower pathological grade. Insurance, tumor size, and marital status were independent prognostic factors for OS and DSS, whereas race affected only OS. Surgery could improve OS and DSS. Moreover, highly differentiated PCCCL was susceptible to early AJCC stage.