Resistance to Tick-Borne Francisella Tularensis by Tick-Sensitized Rabbits: Allergic Klendusity *

Bell, Jessica K.; Stewart, Sigrid J.; Wikel, Stephen K.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1979.28.876

Cited by 82 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These changes would be expected to help provide a blood meal and minimize tissue disruption as a result of any host immune response. Repeated tick exposure is associated with interruption of tick feeding, early tick detachment, and prevention of tick-borne pathogen transmission (Bell et al 1979, Wikel et al 1997, Nazario et al 1998, Zeidner et al 2002, Brossard and Wikel 2004. We found that repeated I. scapularis exposure in mice and people results in a decrease in vascular size and probable decreased blood flow to the feeding site.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…A tick salivary gland vaccine could prevent infection by inducing antibodies and/or cell-mediated immune factors against tick proteins that modulate host hemostasis, wound healing, pain/itch responses, and immune defenses. Although the first study to report that host immunity to the bite of pathogen-free blood-feeding arthropods conferred resistance to subsequent pathogen transmission was one that involved ticks (Bell 1979), the same principles of arthropod-induced immunity also might be extended to vaccination for other arthropod-borne agents, including the strong delayed-type cutaneous hypersensitivity response to sand fly bites that is associated with reduced transmission of Leishmania parasites (Valenzuela et al 2000). A clear link exists between mosquito modulation of host innate and specific acquired immune defenses and enhanced transmission and establishment of arboviruses (Schneider and Higgs 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This augmented host immune response also affects tick-borne pathogen transmission. Primary infestation of animal hosts with uninfected ticks induces a host response that blocks the ability of a subsequent infestation with infected ticks to transmit tularemia and B. burgdorferi (Bell et al 1979, Wikel et al 1997, Nazario et al 1998. People exhibit an immune response to tick bites as evidenced by local redness and itching at the bite site and the development of antibody against specific tick salivary proteins (AlarconChaidez et al 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Dermatologic Changes Induced by RepeatedIxodes scapularisBites and Implications for Prevention of Tick-Borne Infection

Krause

Grant‐Kels

Tahan

et al. 2009

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Previous studies in rodents and people have demonstrated that repeated tick exposure is associated with reduced Borrelia burgdorferi transmission but the mechanism of prevention remains unclear. We examined the acute histopathologic reactions to initial and repeated Ixodes scapularis bites in BALB/c mice and in people. Skin biopsies of BALB/c mice infested for the first time by I. scapularis nymphs revealed vascular dilatation and an accumulation of inflammatory cells adjacent to the bite site but absent at the site of tick attachment. Such changes would enhance tick-borne pathogen transmission. Mice reexposed to I. scapularis nymphs experienced a decrease in vascular dilatation and a marked increase in inflammatory cells at the site of tick attachment. Skin biopsies of people with attached I. scapularis nymphs revealed similar histologic patterns. These results indicate that cellular changes at the tick-dermal interface following I. scapularis attachment are likely to allow for successful transmission of tick-borne pathogens in non-tick-immune hosts and to inhibit tick-borne pathogen transmission in hosts that have developed tick immunity.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Dermatologic Changes Induced by RepeatedIxodes scapularisBites and Implications for Prevention of Tick-Borne Infection

Krause

Grant‐Kels

Tahan

et al. 2009

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It has been demonstrated that animals preexposed to ticks were protected from tularemia (15) and borreliosis (16,17), and vaccination with a tick salivary cement protein protected mice against the lethal effect of tick-borne encephalitis virus (18). Preexposure to mosquito saliva through bites led to partial protection against Plasmodium berghei infection (19) and immunization with the saliva of an aquatic insect (Naucoris genus) protected mice against Mycobacterium ulcerans infection (20).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunity to a salivary protein of a sand fly vector protects against the fatal outcome of visceral leishmaniasis in a hamster model

Gomes

Teixeira

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

213

245

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a fatal disease for humans, and no vaccine is currently available. Sand fly salivary proteins have been associated with protection against cutaneous leishmaniasis. To test whether vector salivary proteins can protect against VL, a hamster model was developed involving intradermal inoculation in the ears of 100,000 Leishmania infantum chagasi parasites together with Lutzomyia longipalpis saliva to mimic natural transmission by sand flies. Hamsters developed classical signs of VL rapidly, culminating in a fatal outcome 5-6 months postinfection. Saliva had no effect on the course of infection in this model. Immunization with 16 DNA plasmids coding for salivary proteins of Lu. longipalpis resulted in the identification of LJM19, a novel 11-kDa protein, that protected hamsters against the fatal outcome of VL. LJM19-immunized hamsters maintained a low parasite load that correlated with an overall high IFN-␥/TGF-␤ ratio and inducible NOS expression in the spleen and liver up to 5 months postinfection. Importantly, a delayed-type hypersensitivity response with high expression of IFN-␥ was also noted in the skin of LJM19-immunized hamsters 48 h after exposure to uninfected sand fly bites. Induction of IFN-␥ at the site of bite could partly explain the protection observed in the viscera of LJM19-immunized hamsters through direct parasite killing and/or priming of anti-Leishmania immunity. We have shown that immunity to a defined salivary protein (LJM19) confers powerful protection against the fatal outcome of a parasitic disease, which reinforces the concept of using components of arthropod saliva in vaccine strategies against vector-borne diseases.antisaliva immunity ͉ Leishmania ͉ sand fly saliva ͉ vector-based vaccine

show abstract

“…In addition to blood meal acquisition, tick saliva proteins are also involved with the transmission and acquisition of TBD agents [25]. Reports of reduced pathogen transmission to repeatedly tick infested animals that developed resistance to tick feeding [26][27][28][29] provide credence to the importance of tick saliva proteins in vector tick competence. Thus, identification of tick saliva proteins will provide a basis for development of novel methods to interfere with tick feeding and prevention of pathogen transmission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ixodes scapularistick saliva proteins sequentially secreted every 24h during blood feeding

Kim¹

2016

2016 International Congress of Entomology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ixodes scapularis is the most medically important tick species and transmits five of the 14 reportable human tick borne disease (TBD) agents in the USA. This study describes LC-MS/MS identification of 582 tick-and 83 rabbit proteins in saliva of I. scapularis ticks that fed for 24,48,72,96, and 120 h, as well as engorged but not detached (BD), and spontaneously detached (SD). The 582 tick proteins include proteases (5.7%), protease inhibitors (7.4%), unknown function proteins (22%), immunity/antimicrobial (2.6%), lipocalin (3.1%), heme/iron binding (2.6%), extracellular matrix/ cell adhesion (2.2%), oxidant metabolism/ detoxification (6%), transporter/ receptor related (3.2%), cytoskeletal (5.5%), and housekeeping-like (39.7%). Notable observations include: (i) tick saliva proteins of unknown function accounting for >33% of total protein content, (ii) 79% of proteases are metalloproteases, (iii) 13% (76/582) of proteins in this study were found in saliva of other tick species and, (iv) ticks apparently selectively inject functionally similar but unique proteins every 24 h, which we speculate is the tick's antigenic variation equivalent strategy to protect important tick feeding functions from host immune system. The host immune responses to proteins present in 24 h I. scapularis saliva will not be effective at later feeding stages. Rabbit proteins identified in our study suggest the tick's strategic use of host proteins to modulate the feeding site. Notably fibrinogen, which is central to blood clotting and wound healing, was detected in high abundance in BD and SD saliva, when the tick is preparing to terminate feeding and detach from the host. A remarkable tick adaptation is that the feeding lesion is completely healed when the tick detaches from the host. Does the tick concentrate fibrinogen at the feeding site to aide in promoting healing of the feeding lesion? Overall, these data provide broad insight into molecular mechanisms regulating different tick feeding phases. These data set the foundation for in depth I. scapularis tick feeding physiology and TBD transmission studies.PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |

show abstract

Resistance to Tick-Borne Francisella Tularensis by Tick-Sensitized Rabbits: Allergic Klendusity *

Cited by 82 publications

References 0 publications

Dermatologic Changes Induced by RepeatedIxodes scapularisBites and Implications for Prevention of Tick-Borne Infection

Dermatologic Changes Induced by RepeatedIxodes scapularisBites and Implications for Prevention of Tick-Borne Infection

Immunity to a salivary protein of a sand fly vector protects against the fatal outcome of visceral leishmaniasis in a hamster model

Ixodes scapularistick saliva proteins sequentially secreted every 24h during blood feeding

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About