Resistance to traction forces in mini-implants used in Ortohodontics depending on the insertion angle

The effect of different orthodontic mini-implant brands and geometry on primary stability (an in vitro study)

“…The crosshead speed of the machine was set at 1 mm/min to withdraw the mini-screw from the bone block by applying vertical force parallel to the long axis of the mini-implants [ 9 ]. Although this force application in the axial direction is not realistic in clinical use, these tests are commonly used and accepted as a method for comparing mini-implant pullout strengths, which provide valuable information.…”

Infra zygomatic crest (IZC) and mandibular buccal shelf (MBS) bone screws: A comprehensive updated review

“…Metals/Alloys Used in the Manufacturing of IZC and MBS Implants Nearly all of these orthodontic implants are made with a uniform texture to avert the advance of osseous ingrowth and are mechanically retained by the interlocking instead of establishing a histopathologically visible ankylotic junction with the bone that makes the retrieval procedure more difficult. 1,3 Stainless steel (bio-tolerant) and type IV or type V titanium alloy (bio-inert) make up the majority of orthodontic implants. 1,3 According to Chang et al, both stainless steel (SS) and titanium alloys (TiA) are clinically potentially suitable for IZC and BS Implants since the total success rate was 93.7%.…”

“…1,3 Stainless steel (bio-tolerant) and type IV or type V titanium alloy (bio-inert) make up the majority of orthodontic implants. 1,3 According to Chang et al, both stainless steel (SS) and titanium alloys (TiA) are clinically potentially suitable for IZC and BS Implants since the total success rate was 93.7%. There were no appreciable variations in the osseous reaction between SS and TiA (Ti) when compared in vivo for use as bone screws.…”

“…Also, because of the thin cortical bone, people with steep mandibular plane angles have greater risk of implant failure and results in reduced survival rates of just 72.7%. 1,3,7 According to a systematic review by Schatzle et al, orthodontic miniscrews with a diameter > 2 mm had a roughly two-fold reduced rate of failure than those with a diameter of 1.2 mm. Maintaining proper oral hygiene is crucial for the implant's durability and, consequently, for improved anchoring.…”

“…The concept of skeletal anchorage was first introduced more than 70 years ago, as mentioned by Papadapolus. 1 Reactionary forces are generated with each orthodontic force application and, in accordance with Newton's third principle, will induce tooth movements in the reverse direction, which is undesirable for the majority of orthodontic biomechanics. Gainsforth B. L. and Higley L. B. in 1945 inserted Vitallium screws in the ascending ramus of the mandible of dogs and proposed conducted to develop a simple protocol for mini-implant insertion, increase the success rate, and introduce skeletal anchorage in clinical practice.…”