Resistance to water stress of : intraspecific variation and comparisons to other alders

Schrader, James A.; Gardner, Sarah; Graves, William R.

doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2004.04.006

Cited by 26 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Alnus glutinosa is normally considered as having high soil moisture requirements (Braun 1974), and to be isohydric, thus closing stomata at mild water stress (McDowell et al 2008). Under sub-optimal soil moisture conditions, Alnus glutinosa showed a greater decrease in Cfixation than other Alnus species (Schrader et al 2005). Betula pendula followed the same pattern as Alnus glutinosa and has also been considered to be isohydric (Robson et al 2014).…”

Section: Biomass Allocationmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Thus whereas in the mixed species plots of the control overyielding was primarily due to Betula pendula, under low soil moisture overyielding was due to both Alnus glutinosa and Betula pendula. A lower sensitivity to drought by Alnus glutinosa when grown in mixture than in monoculture has also been shown by Schrader et al (2005). This reaction pattern is juxtaposed to that suggested from modelling (Bittner et al 2010).…”

Section: Biomass Allocationmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Many studies of the effects of drought on temperate forest tree species have used Fagus sylvatica (Granier et al 2007;Meier and Leuschner 2008;Peuke et al 2002), however, studies on Betula pendula (Aspelmeier and Leuschner 2006; Ranney et al 1991;Zapater et al 2013) and Alnus glutinosa (Schrader et al 2005) are rare. These species were chosen, as they represent different functional groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overyielding of temperate deciduous tree mixtures is maintained under throughfall reduction

2016

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Background and aims A changing climate in the future with more severe drought events will affect the conditions for forest growth and vitality. Most knowledge on tree species response to drought is based on monocultures, even though many of the forests in the world consist of mixed stands. We aimed to investigate how trees respond to summer drought when grown in a three species mixture. Methods For two subsequent summers canopy throughfall, and subsequently soil water potential, was reduced using sub-canopy roofs in monocultures and mixtures of Betula pendula, Alnus glutinosa and Fagus sylvatica,. Results The overyielding of the mixed stand was not affected by the drought using either above or below ground production, standing fine root biomass or soil respiration as parameters. However, Alnus glutinosa was the most negatively affected when growing in monoculture, whereas this species was less affected when growing in mixture. In contrast, Betula pendula was most negatively affected when growing in mixture. Fagus sylvatica was least affected by the drought and maintained growth over the two years. Conclusions A water demanding species as Alnus glutinosa can perform well in a mixture during drought and not be outcompeted. This is opposite to what is assumed in most models of forest responses to climate change.

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Section: Biomass Allocationmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Biomass Allocationmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overyielding of temperate deciduous tree mixtures is maintained under throughfall reduction

2016

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“…The immediate responses to water deficit are the declines of leaf water potential and stomatal closure, which led to decreases in CO 2 uptake and photosynthesis. Furthermore, prolonged drought can limit growth and biomass production, and cause plant death (Ogbonnaya et al 1998; Anyia and Herzog 2004;Schrader et al 2005;Rodiyati et al 2005). The relationship DM = WUE 9 WU indicates that the dry mass production (DM) increased with increasing wateruse efficiency (WUE) for constant water use (WU) (Martin et al 1999;Rytter 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth, biomass partitioning, and water-use efficiency of a leguminous shrub (Bauhinia faberi var. microphylla) in response to various water availabilities

Bao

et al. 2008

New Forests

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Responses of the endemic leguminous shrub Bauhinia faberi var. microphylla, to various soil water supply regimes were studied in order to assess water stress tolerance of seedlings. Two-month-old seedlings were grown under water supply regimes of 100, 80, 60, 40, and 20% water field capacity (FC), respectively, in a temperature and light-controlled greenhouse. Plant height and leaf number were measured monthly over a 4-month period, while water use (WU), water-use efficiency (WUE), leaf relative water content (RWC), biomass production and its partitioning were recorded at the end of the experiment. Seedlings exhibited the greatest biomass production, height, basal diameter, branch number, leaf number, and leaf area when soil content was at 100% FC, and slightly declined at 80% FC. These parameters declined significantly under 60% FC water supply, and severely reduced under 40 and 20% FC. RWC, WU and WUE decreased, while the ratio of root mass to stem mass (R:S) increased in response to decreasing water supply. Water stress caused leaf shedding, but not plant death. The results demonstrated that B. faberi var. microphylla seedlings could tolerate drought by reducing branching and leaf area while maintaining a high R:S ratio. However, low dry mass and WUE at 40 and 20% FC suggested that the seedlings did not produce significant biomass under prolonged severe water deficit. Therefore, before introducing B. faberi var. microphylla in vegetation restoration efforts, water supply above 40% FC is recommended for seedlings to maintain growth.

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“…Explanations to date for the rarity of A. maritima and the apparent ecological superiority of A. serrulata are incomplete. Alnus maritima expresses greater seed germinability, greater resistance to water and temperature stresses, and a greater rate of growth than does A. serrulata (Shopmeyer 1974;Hennessey et al 1985;Schrader andGraves 2000, 2003;Schrader et al 2005). With all the available evidence indicating that A. maritima has a broader fundamental niche (range of resources usable by an organism in the absence of interspecific competition; Hutchinson 1978) than A. serrulata, we examined whether shade tolerance, an important component of interspecific competition, might be a factor in the varying success of the two species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Shade Tolerance Help Explain Varying Success of Two SympatricAlnusSpecies

Schrader¹,

Graves

Rice

et al. 2006

International Journal of Plant Sciences

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Alnus maritima and Alnus serrulata are riparian shrubs that occur in similar habitats in the southern and eastern United States.Alnus serrulata is abundant throughout this range, but A. maritima is rare, occurring only in small populations in Oklahoma and Georgia and on the Delmarva Peninsula. Alnus maritima is more resistant than A. serrulata to water and temperature stresses, but the degree to which insolation influences the restricted distribution of A. maritima is unknown. Our goals were to characterize the shade tolerance of A. maritima and A. serrulata and determine whether differences in shade tolerance could help explain the differing ecological success of the two species. Measurements in nature showed that leaves of A. serrulatahave greater concentrations of chlorophyll than do leaves of A. maritima, and a greater percentage of A. serrulata inhabit shaded sites. Two experiments evaluating the resistance of seedlings to light-deficit stress revealed that A. maritima had a greater photosynthetic capacity and grew more quickly than A. serrulata in full sunlight. In shade, survival of seedlings was lower and reductions in photosynthesis and growth were greater for A. maritima than for A. serrulata. We conclude that A. serrulata is tolerant and A. maritima is intolerant of shade. Moreover, we conclude that shade intolerance strongly restricts the potential niches of A. maritima within the region where the shade-tolerant A. serrulata is comparatively abundant. Alnus maritima and Alnus serrulata are riparian shrubs that occur in similar habitats in the southern and eastern United States. Alnus serrulata is abundant throughout this range, but A. maritima is rare, occurring only in small populations in Oklahoma and Georgia and on the Delmarva Peninsula. Alnus maritima is more resistant than A. serrulata to water and temperature stresses, but the degree to which insolation influences the restricted distribution of A. maritima is unknown. Our goals were to characterize the shade tolerance of A. maritima and A. serrulata and determine whether differences in shade tolerance could help explain the differing ecological success of the two species. Measurements in nature showed that leaves of A. serrulata have greater concentrations of chlorophyll than do leaves of A. maritima, and a greater percentage of A. serrulata inhabit shaded sites. Two experiments evaluating the resistance of seedlings to light-deficit stress revealed that A. maritima had a greater photosynthetic capacity and grew more quickly than A. serrulata in full sunlight. In shade, survival of seedlings was lower and reductions in photosynthesis and growth were greater for A. maritima than for A. serrulata. We conclude that A. serrulata is tolerant and A. maritima is intolerant of shade. Moreover, we conclude that shade intolerance strongly restricts the potential niches of A. maritima within the region where the shade-tolerant A. serrulata is comparatively abundant.

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Resistance to water stress of : intraspecific variation and comparisons to other alders

Cited by 26 publications

References 22 publications

Overyielding of temperate deciduous tree mixtures is maintained under throughfall reduction

Overyielding of temperate deciduous tree mixtures is maintained under throughfall reduction

Growth, biomass partitioning, and water-use efficiency of a leguminous shrub (Bauhinia faberi var. microphylla) in response to various water availabilities

Differences in Shade Tolerance Help Explain Varying Success of Two SympatricAlnusSpecies

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