Resistencia genética a Sporisorium reilianum f. sp. zeae en líneas seleccionadas de maíz (Zea mays L.) con endospermo blanco y amarillo

Molecular Variation of the Phytopathogenic Fungus Sporisorium reilianum in Valle del Mezquital, Hidalgo

“…Head smut in maize has been considered a problematic fungal disease since the 1970s due to its high incidence in Mexico, especially in Valle del Mezquital and the Valles Altos of the states of Hidalgo and Mexico (Matyac and Kommedahl, 1985a;Jin et al, 2000;Quezada-Salinas et al, 2017).…”

“…In the infection cycle of this pathogen, the most damage becomes visible during flowering, as the mycelia established in the meristem produce sori that replace the maize kernels (female inflorescence) and the anthers. As they mature, the sori release teliospores that fall to the ground (Quezada-Salinas et al, 2017). In this way, the teliospore that results from sexual reproduction is the infectious structure that disseminates is spread by rain, wind, fauna, and human activity (INIFAP-Hidalgo, 2012).…”

Resistance to Sporisorium reilianum f. sp. zeae in native maize germplasm

“…The seed viability was verified before inoculating the seed, as described by Quezada-Salinas et al (2013). For inoculation, the teliospores were adhered to the seed using a 10% aqueous grenetine solution at 20 °C (Márquez-Licona et al, 2018).…”

Gains in recurrent selection cycles for grain yield and resistance to head smut in maize

“…The inoculum is found in the soil and in the initial stages of infection the infective hypha penetrates the seedling through the root, invades the vascular bundles and grows systematically in the phloem (Kruger, 1962;Qi et al, 2019). In the stage of vegetative growth, symptoms are difficult to observe, although some authors have reported development of chlorotic spots on the leaves (Matyac and Kommendhal, 1985;Martínez et al, 2002;Quezada-Salinas et al, 2017), as well as stunting (Stromberg et al, 1984;Halisky, 1963). In the reproductive stage of the plant, signs and symptoms become visible in both inflorescences, the flowers of which are replaced by a dusty carbonlike mass, se tienen reportes de su presencia en zonas del Bajío y valles altos (Aquino et al, 2011;Ramírez et al, 2011).…”

“…El inóculo se encuentra en el suelo y en las primeras etapas de infección, la hifa infectiva penetra por la raíz de la plántula e invade los haces vasculares y crece sistemáticamente a través del floema (Kruger, 1962;Qi et al, 2019). En la etapa de crecimiento vegetativo, los síntomas son difíciles de observar; sin embargo, algunos autores han reportado manchas cloróticas en las hojas (Matyac y Kommendhal, 1985;Martínez et al, 2002;Quezada-Salinas et al, 2017) y enanismo (Stromberg et al, 1984;Halisky, 1963). En la etapa reproductiva de la planta los síntomas y signos se hacen visibles en ambas inflorescencias, cuyas flores son reemplazadas por una masa carbonosa pulverulenta compuesta por teliosporas o produciendo filodia en las estructuras afectadas, causando pérdidas de rendimiento (Stromberg et al, 1984;Matyac, 1985;Martínez et al, 2002;Qi et al, 2019).…”