Resolution of inflammation and repair after ischemic brain injury

Yoshimura, Akihiko; Ito, Minako

doi:10.20517/2347-8659.2020.22

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 109 publications

(146 reference statements)

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“…Among the leukocytes infiltrating the brain are blood-derived monocytes/macrophages, which infiltrate the cerebral tissue in the hyperacute stage of stroke (<24 h) [ 100 ]. They have similar functions to resident microglia and are very difficult to differentiate from the latter [ 43 ], with researchers using chimera mice with enhanced colored fluorescent protein bone marrow for this aim [ 101 ].…”

Section: Inflammation In Ischemia/reperfusion Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroinflammation in Cerebral Ischemia and Ischemia/Reperfusion Injuries: From Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Strategies

Jurcău

Simion

2021

IJMS

236

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Its increasing incidence has led stroke to be the second leading cause of death worldwide. Despite significant advances in recanalization strategies, patients are still at risk for ischemia/reperfusion injuries in this pathophysiology, in which neuroinflammation is significantly involved. Research has shown that in the acute phase, neuroinflammatory cascades lead to apoptosis, disruption of the blood–brain barrier, cerebral edema, and hemorrhagic transformation, while in later stages, these pathways support tissue repair and functional recovery. The present review discusses the various cell types and the mechanisms through which neuroinflammation contributes to parenchymal injury and tissue repair, as well as therapeutic attempts made in vitro, in animal experiments, and in clinical trials which target neuroinflammation, highlighting future therapeutic perspectives.

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Section: Inflammation In Ischemia/reperfusion Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroinflammation in Cerebral Ischemia and Ischemia/Reperfusion Injuries: From Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Strategies

Jurcău

Simion

2021

IJMS

236

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“…It is reported that macrophages are activated in the early stages of inflammation after stroke (around 24 h after stroke onset) which leads to the secretion of inflammatory cytokines that exacerbate brain damage [ 64 ]. Our results show that HR EVs protect macrophages from LPS-induced inflammation and we, therefore, examined whether C2C12 EVs can enter the ischemic brain after systemic injection.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclic Hypoxia Conditioning Alters the Content of Myoblast-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Enhances Their Cell-Protective Functions

Yan

Christensen

et al. 2021

Biomedicines

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Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) is a procedure that can attenuate ischemic-reperfusion injury by conducting brief cycles of ischemia and reperfusion in the arm or leg. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) circulating in the bloodstream can release their content into recipient cells to confer protective function on ischemia-reperfusion injured (IRI) organs. Skeletal muscle cells are potential candidates to release EVs as a protective signal during RIC. In this study, we used C2C12 cells as a model system and performed cyclic hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) to mimic RIC. EVs were collected and subjected to small RNA profiling and proteomics. HR induced a distinct shift in the miRNA profile and protein content in EVs. HR EV treatment restored cell viability, dampened inflammation, and enhanced tube formation in in vitro assays. In vivo, HR EVs showed increased accumulation in the ischemic brain compared to EVs secreted from normoxic culture (N EVs) in a mouse undergoing transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). We conclude that HR conditioning changes the miRNA and protein profile in EVs released by C2C12 cells and enhances the protective signal in the EVs to recipient cells in vitro.

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“…However, some important differences exist. The postsurgical state may extend beyond immediate recovery and the postoperative period, lasting months or representing a new allesotatic state [28,[37][38][39][40]. Consequently, an individual cannot regain preoperative health or homeostasis.…”

Section: New Paradigm Of Anesthesia Carementioning

confidence: 99%

Quo Vadis Anesthesiologist? The Value Proposition of Future Anesthesiologists Lies in Preserving or Restoring Presurgical Health after Surgical Insult

Laudański

2022

JCM

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Anesthesiology is an indispensable and ubiquitous field of modern healthcare. Advancements in delivering anesthesia result in a very low rate of anesthesia-related mortality, improved morbidity, and increased patient satisfaction. However, peri-surgical stress may trigger profound and lasting effects on the patient’s physiology, resulting in the emergence of a new allostatic balance. Such a balance may have variable effects on the patient’s recovery. However, in some individuals, the emergence of the new allostatic balance is delayed for years yet ultimately results in a less favorable outcome due to an increased risk of comorbidities. These changes are secondary to a single critical care grade insult such as significant tissue destruction, blood loss, alteration in microbiota with the possible leak of the inflammatory pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), and the induction of catabolism. Preparing patients for such stress is a novel requirement for anesthesiologists to expand their scope of practice in healthcare delivery by eliminating pre-existing stressors (smoking, obesity, substance abuse) and preconditioning patients to stress using pharmacological and nanotechnology means. Perioperative care should employ a human brain interface for more efficient care delivery and an early warning for excessive damage. Postsurgical care can involve the modification of the immune and metabolic system response. Selected techniques should include utilizing genome expression manipulation, multi-omics analysis, and predictive algorithms. Integration of these techniques into a per-operative recovery data-driven delivery system with the targeted goal of recovering presurgical homeostasis instead of allostatic recovery may represent a perfect nexus for future anesthesiologists.

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Resolution of inflammation and repair after ischemic brain injury

Cited by 3 publications

References 109 publications

Neuroinflammation in Cerebral Ischemia and Ischemia/Reperfusion Injuries: From Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Strategies

Neuroinflammation in Cerebral Ischemia and Ischemia/Reperfusion Injuries: From Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Strategies

Cyclic Hypoxia Conditioning Alters the Content of Myoblast-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Enhances Their Cell-Protective Functions

Quo Vadis Anesthesiologist? The Value Proposition of Future Anesthesiologists Lies in Preserving or Restoring Presurgical Health after Surgical Insult

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