Resolving inherent safety conflict using quantitative and qualitative technique

Abidin, Mardhati Zainal; Rusli, Risza; Buang, Azizul; Shariff, Azmi Mohd; Khan, Faisal

doi:10.1016/j.jlp.2016.08.018

Cited by 21 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Instead, control loops, barriers, and protection layers are used to reduce the possible outcomes in case of an incident (Khan et al, 2003). Despite the usefulness of these devices to contain or minimize the consequences of an incident, past events have shown that these devices may fail to cause fatal consequences (Abidin et al, 2016). Inherent safety aims to eliminate, reduce or avoid sources of risk, thus improving the safety properties of the process (Rahman et al, 2005;Kidam et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of safety indexes for chemical processes under uncertainty

Ortiz‐Espinoza

Jiménez‐Gutiérrez

El‐Halwagi

et al. 2021

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

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The fatal consequences of industrial incidents have made evident the need for suitable tools to develop inherently safer process designs. Traditionally, in a process design project, the evaluation of safety aspects is left for analysis after the detailed design has been completed. This approach leads to the use of control loops, barriers and protection layers as the only ways to prevent incidents and to reduce the possible outcomes. An alternative to this approach is the application of the concept of inherent safety, which was introduced to set up several principles that aim to enhance process safety by eliminating, avoiding or minimizing sources of risk. In this work, we present a comparison of different safety metrics in their role to evaluate the risk associated with a given process design. The indices selected for consideration are better applied at the conceptual stage of the process design, and they were the Dow's fire and explosion index (F&EI), the fire and explosion damage index (FEDI), the process route index (PRI) and the process stream index (PSI). All these indices use different input information and their outcomes have different rankings. The metrics were applied to an ethylene production process to identify risk levels, and the location of streams and pieces of equipment that pose the highest risk within the process. An evaluation of the indices in their capability to track design changes in operating conditions aiming to improve the safety level of the process was developed. To perform the assessment of the safety metrics in a more extensive manner, an uncertainty analysis based on a Monte Carlo simulation framework was implemented and compared to the traditional use of single-value design variables. Within this context, an insightful assessment of uncertainty's effect on process safety characteristics was achieved because of the identification of ranges of safetyrelevant performance outcomes (zones of risks and opportunities) that can be probabilistically characterized. The approach was applied to a case study related to the production of ethylene from shale gas. The results showed how some indexes are better suited to capture the risk characteristics associated with the process when changes in the operating conditions of the section with highest risk were implemented. The methodology can be extended to other processes of interest, and may serve as a basis for the safety and process design community to propose adjustments in the structure of the safety indices based on a better understanding of their performance and reliability as part of the efforts towards the continued improvement of those safety metrics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of safety indexes for chemical processes under uncertainty

Ortiz‐Espinoza

Jiménez‐Gutiérrez

El‐Halwagi

et al. 2021

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The indicator is also indirectly considered in the health category based on the assumption of the ability of the materials to affect steel and other incompatible materials (Koller et al, 2000;Shah et al, 2003) 3.2.5 Volatility: Volatility is the ability of a chemical substance to disperse in the air. The vapor pressure and physical state of a material are regarded as criteria for the relative ranking of volatility (Hassim and Edwards, 2006;Hassim and Hurme, 2010a;Hassim and Hurme, 2010b;Hassim et al, 2013;Zainal Abidin et al, 2016a;Zainal Abidin et al, 2016b).…”

Section: Corrosivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The various forms of chemicals may have different dispersion patterns and hazards. This indicator is assessed using relative ranking in which a special score belongs to each physical form of a material (Hassim and Edwards, 2006;Hassim and Hurme, 2010a;Hassim and Hurme, 2010b;Hassim et al, 2013;Zainal Abidin et al, 2016a;Zainal Abidin et al, 2016b).…”

Section: Materials Statementioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are studies proposing the use of damage radii (m), showing the intensity of a fire scenario in contrast to damage radii without considering the type of fire (Rathnayaka et al, 2014;Zainal Abidin et al, 2016a;Khan and Amyotte, 2005). In turn, some studies also focus separately on the type of fire, such as a pool fire, jet fire, and fireball (Cozzani et al, 2007(Cozzani et al, , 2009Tugnoli et al, 2008a,b;Tugnoli et al, 2009;Tugnoli et al, 2012).…”

Section: Consequences Categorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To estimate the amount of leaked chemicals, a few equations have been proposed in which the released mass of gases is obtained from parameters such as the discharge coefficient, the pressure at the source, the molecular weight, the heat capacity ratio, the initial temperature, the ideal gas constant, the stability class, and the downwind speed. For liquids, this indicator is dependent on the fraction of liquids, pressure at the source, height and diameter of the release point, and temperature of the source (Shariff and Zaini, 2010;Rathnayaka et al, 2014;Zainal Abidin et al, 2016a;Shariff and Zaini, 2013;Shariff et al, 2016;Ribeiro and Machado, 2013). Damage radii are also suggested for chemical dispersions.…”

Section: Dispersion (Toxic Chemical Leakage)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Exploring inherent process safety indicators and approaches for their estimation: A systematic review

Jafari

Mohammadi

Reniers

et al. 2018

Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries

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Identifying design criteria for implementing inherent safety in chemical process industries part 2: Design mechanism

Zakaria,

Kidam,

Hassim

2024

Can J Chem Eng

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Inherent safety concepts are common knowledge today, but accidents with similar characteristics do recur. Research on accident causes found that design errors, especially equipment failure, contribute the highest percentage of accidents. The development of inherent safety tools has been increasing at a positive pace, but only a small number of these tools are applicable to equipment design. Ample amounts of inherent safety tools are only suitable to be used at the early design stage. This amplifies the fact that inherent safety tools are still conceptual (e.g., change process routes, change safer materials). This is in contrast to the circumstances, where tools are expected to reinforce the inherent safety of equipment. The objective of this research is to identify design mechanism that can help trigger design thinking for implementation of inherent safety in the chemical process industry. To identify such a design mechanism, 526 cases were collected, and knowledge of the mechanism was extracted from design changes and presented in this research paper. The mechanisms were classified according to equipment and inherent safety keywords. The significant design mechanisms from the overall summation were listed (turbulence, change heat transfer fluid, continuous removal, large surface area, corrosion resistance, seamless joint, thin film, dividing wall, on demand, and double wall).

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Resolving inherent safety conflict using quantitative and qualitative technique

Cited by 21 publications

References 35 publications

Comparison of safety indexes for chemical processes under uncertainty

Comparison of safety indexes for chemical processes under uncertainty

Exploring inherent process safety indicators and approaches for their estimation: A systematic review

Identifying design criteria for implementing inherent safety in chemical process industries part 2: Design mechanism

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