Resolving the UNFCCC divide on climate-smart agriculture

Chandra, Alvin; McNamara, Karen E.; Dargusch, Paul; Damen, Beau; Rioux, Janie; Dallinger, Jonas; Bacudo, Imelda

doi:10.1080/17583004.2016.1235420

Cited by 36 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This divide has limited the potential benefit of CSA to integrate adaptation, mitigation, and food security outcomes [5]. There is lack of knowledge or information to the farmers.…”

Section: Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate-Smart Agriculture

2017

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Abstract-Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) is an emerging concept that adapts agricultural production to climate change. It is an integrative approach for developing agricultural strategies that will secure sustainable food security under climate change. It is one response to the challenges of climate change. It helps to make agriculture, forestry, and fisheries to be more productive and sustainable. This paper provides a brief introduction to climate-smart agriculture.

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“…This divide has limited the potential benefit of CSA to integrate adaptation, mitigation, and food security outcomes [5]. There is lack of knowledge or information to the farmers.…”

Section: Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate-Smart Agriculture

2017

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“…While there are likely many gaps in CSA, we focus on three key socio-political dimensions of marginalization: inequality, unequal power relations and social injustice (Anderson 2014;Aubert et al 2015). These issues have been raised in the 2015 Paris Agreement of the United Nations Frameworks Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and Sustainable Development Goals (Chandra et al 2016;Verschuuren 2016). Yet there are few conceptual tools to understand how inequality, unequal power relations and social injustice operate in smallholder farming landscapes vulnerable to climate change (Eriksen et al 2015).…”

Section: Political Ecology Theory: Conceptualizing Inequality Unequamentioning

confidence: 99%

The relevance of political ecology perspectives for smallholder Climate-Smart Agriculture: a review

Chandra

McNamara

Dargusch

2017

Journal of Political Ecology

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Climate-smart agriculture has emerged as a way of increasing food productivity, building resiliency to climate change and reducing carbon emissions. Despite rapid technical advances, research on climate-smart agriculture has arguably under-theorized the socio-political processes that continue to marginalize vulnerable groups such as smallholder farmers. This review discusses the potential usefulness of political ecology perspectives for improving climate-smart agriculture. Political ecology theory elucidates how three interrelated socio-political processes that perpetuate smallholder farmer vulnerability significantly influence climate-smart responses: inequality, unequal power relations and social injustice. The article discusses these three inter-connected political ecology factors using a number of examples from the Green Revolution, smallholder farming communities, and indigenous farmers. In comparison to conventional technical approaches, our article argues that Climate-Smart Agriculture needs to consider political ecology perspectives at different levels to explore the vulnerability of smallholder farmers to current and future climate change impacts. Interventions to support climate-smart agriculture should examine local risks, specificities and priorities of smallholder farmers. The article concludes with a renewed call for concepts of inequality, unequal power relations and social injustice to be embedded into both the policy and practice of climate smart agriculture. Keywords: climate-smart agriculture, equality, political ecology, power, smallholder, social justice Résumé L'agriculture intelligente face au climat (Climate-Smart Agriculture) est apparue comme un moyen d'accroître la productivité alimentaire, de renforcer la résilience aux changements climatiques et de réduire les émissions de carbone. Malgré les progrès techniques rapides, la recherche sur l'agriculture intelligente au climat a sans doute sous-théorisé les processus sociopolitiques qui continuent à marginaliser les groupes vulnérables tels que les petits agriculteurs. Cet examen traite de l'utilité potentielle des perspectives de «l'écologie politique» pour améliorer l'agriculture intelligente au climat. La théorie de l'écologie politique élucide comment trois processus socio-politiques interdépendants, qui perpétuent la vulnérabilité des petits agriculteurs, influent sur les réponses intelligentes au climat: inégalités, rapports de pouvoir inégaux et injustice sociale. Cet article traite de ces trois facteurs interconnectés en utilisant un certain nombre d'exemples de la «Révolution verte», des petites communautés agricoles et des agriculteurs indigènes. Par rapport aux approches techniques conventionnelles, notre article soutient que l'agriculture intelligente face au climat doit considérer les perspectives d'écologie politique à différents niveaux pour explorer la vulnérabilité des petits exploitants aux impacts actuels et futurs des changements climatiques. Les interventions pour soutenir l'agriculture intelligente au climat...

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“…This section, as published in Carbon Management by Chandra et al (2016a), discusses the differences between how developed and developing countries frame agriculture-related issues in climate policy discussions, and sets out some strategies for how this divide can be resolved to achieve more sustainable outcomes in the future.…”

Section: 7resolving the Unfccc Divide On Csamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concrete negotiations on agriculture have been deflected by soft discussions on exchange of country experiences, with quite different priorities proposed by the developing and developed countries (Chandra et al 2016a). Agriculture discussions have resulted in learning and exchange of experiences and dedicated platform for sharing of good practices under the UNFCCC, with specific calls in favour of regional knowledge hubs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Climate-smart agriculture in practice: insights from smallholder farmers, Timor-Leste and the Philippines, Southeast Asia

Chandra¹

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The climate challenges confronting agriculture are multiple, interconnected and multi-scaled.Agriculture is a source of increasing greenhouse gas emissions, but it is also vulnerable to climate change impacts. Adopting resilient approaches in the agricultural industry can help to contribute to both climate change mitigation and climate change adaptation. Climate-smart agriculture has emerged as a solution to address the multiple challenges of climate change and food security by sustainably increasing productivity, enhancing resilience and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. To date, there is limited scholarly evidence on what constitutes climate-smart agriculture, and how it is framed globally and practiced by smallholder farming communities. This research helps to bridge this gap by analysing the international discourse around climate-smart agriculture, and providing local empirical evidence derived from smallholder farming communities in the Philippines and TimorLeste.At the broad level, this research aims to identify how climate-smart agriculture within communitybased adaptation programs is contributing to the integration of mitigation and adaptation responses to climate change. Drawing from political ecology and climate change (adaptation and mitigation sciences) theories, the research explains how socio-institutional factors -inequality, unequal power relations and social injustice -influence climate-smart agriculture. The theoretical arguments are illustrated with empirical case studies of smallholder farmers and civil society organisations in the two case studies. Using mixed qualitative methods and descriptive analysis of over 150 semistructured interviews, focus group discussions and participant observation, the research examines climate-smart agriculture practices across three broad categories: vulnerability of smallholder farmers (socioeconomic factors), synergistic relationships (adaptation, mitigation and food security) and governance (socio-institutional determinants).This research argues that mitigation and adaptation interventions are climate-smart for smallholder farmers when they directly address local climate risks, support a combination of adaptation, food security and livelihood strategies, and empower at-risk and marginalised populations. Results indicate that climate-smart agriculture in the Philippines and Timor-Leste are characterised and influenced by multiple socio-institutional factors. The increasing burden of loss and damage as a result of extreme climate events subject women to migration, increased discrimination, loss of customary rights to land, resource poverty and food insecurity. In terms of farming practices implemented by smallholder farmers, most adaptation actions were found to have corresponding positive mitigation, food security and livelihood co-benefits. At the community level, climate-smart interventions are highly locationspecific, technically rigorous, involve knowledge-intensive processes, and are influenced by the finance and capacities of local farming com...

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Resolving the UNFCCC divide on climate-smart agriculture

Cited by 36 publications

References 7 publications

Climate-Smart Agriculture

Climate-Smart Agriculture

The relevance of political ecology perspectives for smallholder Climate-Smart Agriculture: a review

Climate-smart agriculture in practice: insights from smallholder farmers, Timor-Leste and the Philippines, Southeast Asia

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