Resolving the upper-ocean warm layer improves the simulation of the Madden–Julian oscillation

Tseng, Wan‐Ling; Tsuang, Ben‐Jei; Keenlyside, Noel; Hsu, Huang‐Hsiung; Tu, Chih Yen

doi:10.1007/s00382-014-2315-1

Cited by 54 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Furthermore, the rainfall in the future experiment becomes larger, and the sea level pressure (SLP) shows a more strongly meridionally confined and intensified Kelvin wave-like perturbation to the east of the deep convection (Figures 3e and 3f); this causes stronger low-level moisture convergence (not shown) consistent with the frictional wave-conditional instability of the second kind (CISK) mechanism [Wang and Rui, 1990;Kang et al, 2013]. Because the intraseasonal moisture convergence À (∇ Á qV)′ is dominated by the MJO-scale convergence of the mean moisture, Àq (∇ Á V′) [Hsu and Li, 2012;Tseng et al, 2014], the changes in Δqδ ′ CTL at each composite phase of the MJO cycle is diagnosed instead. [Tseng et al, 2014] suggest that coupling leads to warmer SST and more moisture ahead of the deep convection.…”

Section: 1002/2015gl065095mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The stronger convection is associated with much enhanced low-level moisture convergence (green contour in Figures 3a and 3b). [Tseng et al, 2014] suggest that coupling leads to warmer SST and more moisture ahead of the deep convection. By contrast, the meridionally overturning circulation is contracted meridionally toward an enhanced heating over 5°S (Figures 3c and 3d).…”

Section: 1002/2015gl065095mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Madden‐Julian Oscillation in a warmer world

Chang

Tseng

Hsu

et al. 2015

Geophysical Research Letters

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Global warming's impact on the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) is assessed using one of the few models capable in reproducing its key features. In a warmer climate predicted for the end of the century, the MJO increases in amplitude (by ~30%) and frequency, showing a more circumglobal propagation tendency. The MJO spatial extent becomes enhanced, deeper, and more zonally extended but meridionally confined. A stronger vertical tilting structure in diabatic heating, moisture, and convergence fields is seen. Our findings indicate that these changes result from an intensification of the frictional wave‐conditional instability of the second kind mechanism via the coupling of dynamical and thermodynamic response to the warming. The warming and moistening of the mean state contribute to the enhanced deep convective heating, driving a stronger‐forced Kelvin wave‐like perturbation. This reinforces the frictional low‐level convergence, leading to larger shallow convective heating and therefore to a faster development and enhancement of the deep convection in the MJO.

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Section: 1002/2015gl065095mentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: 1002/2015gl065095mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Madden‐Julian Oscillation in a warmer world

Chang

Tseng

Hsu

et al. 2015

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…In particular, well‐resolved air‐sea interactions—subdaily (typically 3 hr) air‐sea exchanges and a fine (typically 1 m) oceanic vertical resolution—are required to capture the intraseasonal thermodynamic oceanic response to atmospheric forcing. Coarser spatial or temporal resolutions fail to simulate the peak diurnal SST warming and mixed‐layer shoaling during the MJO suppressed phase, which rectifies onto intraseasonal scales (e.g., Bernie et al, , ; Klingaman et al, ; Tseng et al, ). While the oceanic dynamical response to MJO forcing may be important for the development of subsequent MJO events that have no obvious atmospheric precursors (Webber et al, , ), GCM experiments (e.g., Klingaman & Woolnough, ; Tseng et al, ) and observational analysis (Halkides et al, ; Lau & Sui, ) show that most intraseasonal tropical SST variability can be recovered through thermodynamic air‐sea interactions alone, particularly for regions more than

\pm

3° latitude from the equator.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mean State Biases and Interannual Variability Affect Perceived Sensitivities of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation to Air‐Sea Coupling

Klingaman

DeMott

2020

J Adv Model Earth Syst

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Atmosphere‐ocean feedbacks often improve the Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO) in climate models, but these improvements are balanced by mean state biases that can degrade the MJO through changing the basic state on which the MJO operates. The Super‐Parameterized Community Atmospheric Model (SPCAM3) produces perhaps the best representation of the MJO among contemporary models, which improves further in a coupled configuration (SPCCSM3) despite considerable mean state biases in tropical sea surface temperatures and rainfall. We implement an atmosphere‐ocean‐mixed‐layer configuration of SPCAM3 (SPCAM3‐KPP) and use a flux‐correction technique to isolate the effects of coupling and mean state biases on the MJO. When constrained to the observed ocean mean state, air‐sea coupling does not substantially alter the MJO in SPCAM3, in contrast to previous studies. When constrained to the SPCCSM ocean mean state, SPCAM3‐KPP fails to produce an MJO, in stark contrast to the strong MJO in SPCCSM3. Further KPP simulations demonstrate that the MJO in SPCCSM3 arises from an overly strong sensitivity to El Niño–Southern Oscillation events. Our results show that simulated interannual variability and coupled‐model mean state biases affect the perceived response of the MJO to coupling. This is particularly concerning in the context of internal variability in coupled models, as many previous MJO sensitivity studies in coupled models used relatively short (20‐ to 50‐year) simulations that undersample interannual‐decadal variability. Diagnosing the effects of coupling on the MJO requires simulations that carefully control for mean state biases and interannual variability.

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“…As recent studies have shown, including a diurnal cycle is important to lower frequency physical processes (Clayson and Weitlich, 2007;Woolnough et al, 2007;Seo et al, 2014;Tseng et al, 2014).…”

Section: Modeling the Ocean Boundary Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Physics of diurnal warm layers : turbulence, internal waves, and lateral mixing

Bogdanoff¹

2017

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Resolving the upper-ocean warm layer improves the simulation of the Madden–Julian oscillation

Abstract: 13Here we show that coupling a high-resolution one-column ocean model to an 14

Cited by 54 publications

References 59 publications

The Madden‐Julian Oscillation in a warmer world

The Madden‐Julian Oscillation in a warmer world

Mean State Biases and Interannual Variability Affect Perceived Sensitivities of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation to Air‐Sea Coupling

Physics of diurnal warm layers : turbulence, internal waves, and lateral mixing

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