Resonance‐enhanced multiphoton ionization/secondary neutral mass spectrometry and cesium attachment secondary ion mass spectrometry of bronze: a comparison

Abstract

Archaeologists have considerable interests in ancient bronzes. They want to know how these alloys were produced and how they corroded with time. Modern bronzes, with compositions very close to that of some ancient bronzes, have been produced and two methods were examined to characterize one of these modern bronzes. Analysis of this modern bronze using resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization/secondary neutral mass spectrometry (REMPI/SNMS) is examined in detail and compared to cesium attachment secondary ion mass spectrometry (CsAMS) results. Both REMPI/SNMS and CsAMS were used to quantify the composition of Fe, Ni and Mn in a modern quaternary bronze designed to serve as a certified reference material for an ancient bronze. Both methods exhibit reduced matrix effects when compared to secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and thus quantification should be simplified. It was found that when relative sensitivity factors obtained from a standard bronze material are used to calibrate the instruments, the REMPI/SNMS measurements yield results that were more sensitive and more accurate.

Critical revision of GD-MS, LA-ICP-MS and SIMS as inorganic mass spectrometric techniques for direct solid analysis

“…in new materials, semiconductor industry and archaeological samples). 131,132 These techniques have been recently used to image and quantify targeted compounds, intrinsic elements, and molecules with subcellular resolution in single cells of both cell cultures and tissues (see Fig. 7 and 8).…”

Characterization of the patina formed on a low tin bronze exposed to aqueous hydrogen sulfide

“…One particularly useful technique is X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which is a nondestructive, quantitative chemical state analysis of the outermost surface and is complimentary to the analytical approaches often adopted in conservation science and archaeometry, such as scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) . Surface science instrumentation has been successfully applied to several problems of archeological materials recently . In this study, we apply XPS, SEM‐EDS and XRD to learn about the chemical composition of products formed on a bronze surface following exposure to H 2 S‐saturated deoxygenated water as a simple model of natural SRB exposure.…”

Atomic spectrometry update. Atomic mass spectrometry

“…McCann et al 281 compared resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) TOFMS and SIMS with MCs 1 detection for the quantitative analysis of model alloy samples that mimic the composition of ancient bronzes. Sputtering of an area with a diameter of 300 mm using a 3.9 keV Xe 1 primary ion beam produced the neutrals that were post-ionized by a combination of 4 tunable lasers.…”