Resonance enhanced THz generation in electro-optic polymers near the absorption maximum

Sinyukov, Alexander M.; Leahy, Megan R.; Hayden, L. Michael; Haller, Marnie; Luo, Jingdong; Jen, Alex K.‐Y.; Dalton, Larry R.

doi:10.1063/1.1835550

Cited by 80 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Among them, AJL8/APC has been widely utilized for many device explorations, such as Mach-Zehnder modulators, terahertz generation, sol-gel hybrid EO modulators, and slotted ring micro-resonators, etc. [3][4][5][6][7][8] Many of these prototype devices can be fabricated by soft lithography or nanoimprinting techniques which hold great potential for organic EO polymers to be used in complex circuitry and be mass produced with low cost. Our collaborators from other institutions and government laboratories have reported the reproducible large electro-optic activity (up to 70~100 pm/V @ 1.31 µm), high optical transparency (optical loss ~1.0 dB/cm @ 1.31 and 1.55 µm), good processibility and thermal stability (60~85 °C), and broad bandwidth (40 GHz) from this standardized material.…”

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confidence: 99%

Exceptional electro-optic properties through molecular design and controlled self-assembly

Jen

Luo

Kim

et al. 2005

Linear and Nonlinear Optics of Organic Materials V

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Recent breakthroughs in developing exceptional organic electro-optic (EO) materials are reviewed. Whole series of guest-host polymers furnished with high µβ chromophores have shown large electro-optic coefficients around 100~160 pm/V @ 1.31µm. Moreover, new generation of NLO chromophores based on pyrroline and pyrrolizine acceptors have been designed and synthesized. To go beyond the typical oriented gas model limit for poled polymers, new approach of using nanoscale architecture control and supramoleaular self-assembly has been proved as a very effective method to create a new paradigm for materials with very exciting properties. The approaches of employing Diels-Alder reactions for postfunctionalization and lattice hardening also provide a facile and reliable way to generate high-performance EO polymers and dendrimers. This type of "click" chemistry paves the way to systematically study the relationships between chromophore shape and number density, controlled self-assembly, in addition to provide the material properties needed for multi-layer device fabrication. Finally, a new generation of binary monolithic glasses has been developed that exhibit unprecedented high EO activities through careful manipulation of intricate supramolecular interactive forces for self-assembly. The results obtained from these poled binary organic glass materials (r 33 as high as 310 pm/V at 1.31µm) are the highest values ever reported which are >10 times of the commercial lithium niobate crystals. The success of these material developments has recently inspired the exploration of new device concepts trying to take full advantage of the organic EO materials with ultrahigh r 33 values. HIGHLY EFFICIENT NONLINEAR OPTICAL CHROMOPHORES AND THEIR POLED POLYMERS IN AMORPHOUS POLYCARBONATEPreviously, a very diversified family of 2,5-dihydrofuran derivatives has been synthesized as a new class of tunable electron acceptors using the single-mode focused microwave irradiation. Among them, an exemplary electron acceptor, 2-dicyanomethylene-3-cyano-4,5-dimethyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2,5-dihydrofuran (CF 3 -TCF) exhibited strong electronwithdrawing ability and good stability. 1,2 Based on this CF 3 -TCF acceptor, we have developed a new series of nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores with more efficient polyene conjugation bridges and suitable shape modification for improving their poling behaviors in dye-doped polymers (Table 1 and Figure 1).In this series of chromophores, the electron-withdrawing ability of CF 3 -TCF accepetors can be fine-tuned by replacing the methyl group at the 5-position of dihydrofuran ring with various aromatic rings. For example, with the same donor and conjugation bridges, chromophores 2a-d showed significantly different maximum absorption wavelengths ranging from 764 nm to 800 nm. At various poling voltages between 0.75 and 1.5 MV/cm, such band shifting is quite consistent with the trend of enhanced EO coefficients in their corresponding poled polymers. From the oriented gas model, it defines that r 33 = 2Nβf(ω)/...

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confidence: 99%

Exceptional electro-optic properties through molecular design and controlled self-assembly

Jen

Luo

Kim

et al. 2005

Linear and Nonlinear Optics of Organic Materials V

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“…development of photonic devices [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Efforts have been particularly focused on the third-order NLO properties of metalorganic molecules, which are promising materials for all-optical photonic switching and have optical limiting capabilities [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, characterization and theoretical investigations of the structure, electronic properties and third-order nonlinearity optics (NLO) of M(DPIP)2

Tang

Culnane

et al. 2015

Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectros

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Organic electro-optic materials have also proven attractive for terahertz signal generation and detection and may be of utility for terahertz imaging. 7,8 A characteristic of organic electro-optic materials that has become more recently appreciated is their adaptability to a variety of processing methodologies. Thin film devices can be fabricated both by solution (e.g., spin casting and sequential synthesis 9 ) and vapor deposition (including sequential synthesis protocols).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electro-optic coefficients of 500 pm/V and beyond for organic materials

Dalton

Robinson

Jen

et al. 2005

Linear and Nonlinear Optics of Organic Materials V

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Theoretical guidance, provided by quantum and statistical mechanical calculations, has aided the recent realization of electro-optic coefficients of greater than 300 pm/V (at 1.3 microns wavelength). This articles attempts to provide physical insight into those recent results and to explore avenues for the further improvement of electro-optic activity by structural modification, including to values of 500 pm/V and beyond. While large electro-optic coefficients are a necessary condition for extensive practical application of organic electro-optic materials, they are not a sufficient condition. Adequate thermal and photochemical stability, modest to low optical loss, and processability are important additional requirements. This article also examines such properties and suggests routes to achieving improved auxiliary properties.

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Resonance enhanced THz generation in electro-optic polymers near the absorption maximum

Cited by 80 publications

References 13 publications

Exceptional electro-optic properties through molecular design and controlled self-assembly

Exceptional electro-optic properties through molecular design and controlled self-assembly

Synthesis, characterization and theoretical investigations of the structure, electronic properties and third-order nonlinearity optics (NLO) of M(DPIP)2

Electro-optic coefficients of 500 pm/V and beyond for organic materials

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