Resonant controller of single‐stage off‐board EV charger in G2V and V2G modes

Abstract

This study presents the control design and implementation of a three-phase single-stage off-board electric vehicle (EV) charger. The charger is controlled to perform four quadrants operation in active-reactive (P-Q) power plane. Generally, the control of the EV charger consists of two control loops, i.e. exterior (slow) loop and fast-acting interior loop. Since the signals to be regulated in outer loop are DC in nature, they can be easily handled by regular proportional plus integral regulators. The inner loop control may also be performed in the DC domain, but inaccuracy involved in determining the parameter-dependent decoupling terms and difficulty in setting the gain for fast-acting inner loops make it unfavourable. Therefore, the inner control is performed in AC domain, where the signals are periodic. The proportional plus resonant controller is found to be very useful in tracking such type of periodic signals of fixed frequency, and accordingly, it has been designed and successfully implemented for the proposed work. The proposed methodology has been tested for eight different modes in the P-Q-plane. The system is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink environment and implemented in real time with a scaled-down hardware prototype.

A critical review on contemporary power electronics interface topologies to vehicle‐to‐grid technology: Prospects, challenges, and directions

“…In [95], a three-phase, one-stage off-board EV charger's control scheme was discussed. This charger can operate in four different active-reactive (P-Q) power plane quadrants.…”

“…It presents enhanced performance in tracing sinusoidal signals compared to the PI controller without the decoupled and feedforward controllers [94]. In [95], a three‐phase, one‐stage off‐board EV charger's control scheme was discussed. This charger can operate in four different active‐reactive (P‐Q) power plane quadrants.…”

A Comprehensive State-of-the-Art Review of Wired/Wireless Charging Technologies for Battery Electric Vehicles: Classification/Common Topologies/Future Research Issues

“…One of the most wellknown rapid chargers, which is manufactured by Tesla, is fed by DC 480 V and 250 kW. As of March 2020, Tesla successfully operated around 16,013 superchargers at 1,826 charging stations worldwide for different BEV models such as Model S, 3, X, and Y [36] [39].…”

Output quality improvement for single‐phase inverter in V2G system

“…As renewable energy and electric vehicles (EVs) are rapidly developing, vehicle-to-grid (V2G) applications, which enable bidirectional interconnection and interaction between EVs and the power grid, are drawing widespread investigation and attention as an essential power conversion device [1,2]. The EVs traditionally act as a load that only receives energy from the grid to charge the power battery.…”