Resonant polymer ablation using a compact 3.44 μm fiber laser

Frayssinous, Clément; Fortin, Vincent; Bérubé, Jean-Philippe; Fraser, Alex; Vallée, Réal

doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2017.10.051

Cited by 77 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The output beam of both fiber lasers is collimated and directed toward a galvanometric scanner equipped with a 75mm F-theta lens in order to focus and scan the beam on the surface of the polymer samples. A more detailed description of the inscription set-up is given in [12]. The beam diameters at the focus were 50 μm for the fs laser (set at λ = 3.33 μm) quand 56 μm for the CW laser, both measured with a beam analyzer (NanoScan NS-Pyro/9/5, Ophir).…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The absorption spectra in the mid-IR of PMMA and polycarbonate were first determined experimentally using a Fourier transform spectrometer as described in ref. 12. The absorption curves of both polymers are plotted in Fig.…”

Section: Resonant Photo-inscription Of On-surface Waveguidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As expected, it proved impractical to form optical waveguides in polycarbonate when tuning the laser at λ c = 3.33 μm which falls outside the strong absorption windows of the polymer. In such case, the optical penetration length (L α ) increases [12] and the energy deposition process becomes inefficient resulting in the formation of large shallow structures spreading over diameters in the range of a hundred microns. Consequently, the formation of a smooth refractive index change is not possible without inducing damage or ablation of the surface.…”

Section: Resonant Photo-inscription Of On-surface Waveguidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lately, we have demonstrated that the laser ablation of polymers can be enhanced by tuning a mid-infrared fiber laser at wavelengths resonant with the C-H bond fundamental stretching frequency [12]. In this communication, we present a novel method based on resonant absorption to form on-surface waveguides in polymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct Inscription of on-surface waveguides in polymers using a mid-ir fiber laser

et al. 2019

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A detailed study of photo-inscribed optical waveguides in PMMA and polycarbonate using a mid-IR laser is presented. The wavelength of the laser is tuned near the absorption peaks of stretching C-H molecular bonds and the focused beam is scanned onto the surface of planar polymer samples. For the first time, we report the formation of optical waveguides in both polymers through resonant absorption of the laser beam. The optical properties of the waveguides were thoroughly assessed. An elliptic Gaussian mode is guided at the surface of both polymers. Insertion losses of 3.1 dB for a 30 mm long on-surface waveguide inscribed in PMMA were recorded. Such waveguides can interact with the external medium through evanescent coupling. As a proof of concept, the surface waveguides are used as highly sensitive refractometric sensors. An attenuation dynamical range of 35 dB was obtained for a liquid that matches the index of the PMMA substrate. Our results pave the way for large scale manufacturing of low cost biocompatible photonic devices.

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Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resonant Photo-inscription Of On-surface Waveguidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resonant Photo-inscription Of On-surface Waveguidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Direct Inscription of on-surface waveguides in polymers using a mid-ir fiber laser

et al. 2019

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“…Indeed, it is the vast array of potential applications that is driving the current research interest in mid-IR source development, arising from the existence of strong rotational and vibrational molecular absorption lines in this spectral region. For example, mid-IR fiber lasers in sweptwavelength operation have recently been demonstrated for real-time gas sensing, probing multiple mid-IR absorption lines simultaneously [1], in addition to being used for polymer ablation by targeting resonant C-H bond absorption [2]. In both these experiments, continuous wave (CW) light was used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Q-switched Dy:ZBLAN fiber lasers beyond 3 μm: comparison of pulse generation using acousto-optic modulation and inkjet-printed black phosphorus

Woodward¹,

Majewski²,

Macadam³

et al. 2019

Opt. Express

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We report high-energy mid-infrared pulse generation by Q-switching of dysprosiumdoped fiber lasers for the first time. Two different modulation techniques are demonstrated. Firstly, using active acousto-optic modulation, pulses are produced with up to 12 µJ energy and durations as short as 270 ns, with variable repetition rates from 100 Hz to 20 kHz and central wavelengths tunable from 2.97 to 3.23 µm. Experiments are supported by numerical modeling, identifying routes for improved pulse energies and to avoid multi-pulsing by careful choice of modulator parameters. Secondly, we demonstrate passive Q-switching by fabricating an inkjet-printed black phosphorus saturable absorber, simplifying the cavity and generating 1.0 µJ pulses with 740 ns duration. The performance and relative merits of each modulation approach are then critically discussed. These demonstrations highlight the potential of dysprosium as a versatile gain medium for high-performance pulsed sources beyond 3 µm.

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2D Materials for Nonlinear Photonics and Electro‐Optical Applications

Yin

Jiang

Huang

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Inter

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that satisfy the growing needs for compact, small foot-print, highly efficient and broadband photonic and optoelectronic devices. In other words, the development between SA technologies and lasers is almost isochronous. By 1983, several mode-locked fiber lasers with actively doped fiber amplifiers were demonstrated largely driven by improvements in low-loss optical fibers. However, mode-locking with a dye SA was unstable in Nd:fibers at the time. [5] The early 1990s saw the semiconductor SA mirror (SESAM) invention which was a milestone in the realization of stable passive mode-locked pulses [6,7] and stable Q-switching. However, SESAM progress was impeded by the narrow operation bandwidth, challenging fabrication process, slow relaxation time and most importantly a weak mid-infrared (mid-IR) response. By contrast, 2D nanomaterials can possess shorter relaxation times with a highly efficient broadband response covering even the mid-IR. The fabrication methods, nonlinear optical properties and applications in optics, biomedicine, and other fields of 2D materials are shown in Figure 1. 2D materials are now the spotlight of SA research applications because of these unique properties along with stable quantum confinement, higher mechanical stability, and an inherently small-footprint. [8][9][10] Graphene has been a breakthrough 2D NLO material for a wide range of topics such as broadband optical modulation, [11] optical frequency mixing, [12] ultrafast laser generation, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] and surface plasmonic. [21] Nevertheless, the development of this material is still limited to some extent [22] due to its innate gapless band structure and the weak electronic on/off ratio. Topological insulators (TIs) reveal a large modulation depth. However, the fabrication of TIs is complicated because of their two elements composition. [23][24][25] Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are unusable in the mid-IR region because of their large bandgaps. [26] In Group-VA monoelemental materials, black phosphorus (BP) is famous for the characteristic layer number dependent bandgap. [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] However, monolayer or fewlayer BP lacks of chemical stability at ambient conditions. [36,37] In addition, another Group-VA material, semiconducting antimonene, is relatively stable under ambient environment with a wide bandgap. [38] Bulk antimonene has great potential to become a TI as well as quantum spin Hall phase producer when the number of layers is under 22, respectively. [39] On top of this, antimonene is very chemically stable. It has good thermal conductivity, [40] high mobility, [41] excellent thermoelectric figure of merit, [42] and good optical properties, [43][44][45][46] which 2D materials have received significant attention from the scientific community due to their unique structures and excellent physical properties. A lot of applications are explored based on graphene, topological insulators, and transition metal dichalcogenides. With further development of 2D materials, other Group-VA...

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Resonant polymer ablation using a compact 3.44 μm fiber laser

Cited by 77 publications

References 22 publications

Direct Inscription of on-surface waveguides in polymers using a mid-ir fiber laser

Direct Inscription of on-surface waveguides in polymers using a mid-ir fiber laser

Q-switched Dy:ZBLAN fiber lasers beyond 3 μm: comparison of pulse generation using acousto-optic modulation and inkjet-printed black phosphorus

2D Materials for Nonlinear Photonics and Electro‐Optical Applications

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