Resonantly Enhanced Nonlinearity in Doped Fibers for Low-Power All-Optical Switching: A Review

Digonnet, Michel J. F.; Sadowski, Robert W.; Shaw, H. J.; Pantell, R. H.

doi:10.1006/ofte.1997.0189

Cited by 95 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…4a [18]. A configuration that offers more stability for ultrafast switches is the nonlinear optical loop mirror that is based on the Sagnac interferometer [18]. This comes at a cost of the increased number of components required to realize a single 1 × 2 switching element, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: All-fiber Switchesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ultrafast switching speeds (≤5 µs) needed for photonic packet switching can be achieved using a pump signal and a doped nonlinear fiber for the phase-shifting operation in Fig. 4a [18]. A configuration that offers more stability for ultrafast switches is the nonlinear optical loop mirror that is based on the Sagnac interferometer [18].…”

Section: All-fiber Switchesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

An Improved All-Fiber Cross-Connect Node for Future Optical Transport Networks

Mutafungwa

2001

Optical Fiber Technology

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Section: All-fiber Switchesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: All-fiber Switchesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Improved All-Fiber Cross-Connect Node for Future Optical Transport Networks

Mutafungwa

2001

Optical Fiber Technology

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“…Meanwhile, to the best of our knowledge there is not known an analogous equation concerning the resonant nonlinear change ∆n res (ε in ) in refractive index n of the medium that should accompany the transmission coefficient nonlinearity. Despite there have been published a few re- ports treating the resonant change in the index of a doped material at continuous-wave excitation [3][4][5], the shortpulse case is weakly investigated in the literature [6]. The present Letter serves to fill this gap.…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

Nonlinear resonant change in refractive index of a doped saturable medium at short-pulse excitation

Kir’yanov

Il'ichev

2005

Laser Phys. Lett.

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A novel method is reported for calculating the nonlinear resonant change in refractive index of a doped saturable medium at the short-pulse excitation. The derived system of equations for energy density and phase of a short pulse propagating in the doped medium allows one to address a rather general case of the resonant index non-linearity caused by the dope's population perturbation (bleaching) effect. As an example, the energy-dependent changes in the refractive index and transmission coefficient of a Cr 4+ :YAG crystal under the ns-range (wavelength 1.06 µm) excitation are modeled. It is known [1] that propagation of a short pulse through a resonantly amplifying (or absorbing) medium with a "slow" relaxation of the excited state is addressed by the Avizonis-Grotbeck's equation:where ε = E p s σ GSA hυ is the ratio of incident pulse energy density E p /s (where E p and s are the pulse energy and laser beam geometrical cross-section) and saturating energy density hυ/σ GSA (where hυ is the energy quanta at the resonant wavelength and σ GSA is the ground-state absorption (GSA) of resonantly-absorbing dope centers embedded in the material), α 0 = σ GSA N 0 is the weak-signal resonant absorption coefficient (where N 0 is the concentration of dope centers), γ is the residual (non-saturable) loss coefficient, and z is the coordinate inside the sample. Eq. (1) holds if the coefficient γ relates (i) to all the "passive" losses (owing to scattering or presence of non-resonant impurities) and (ii) to the loss stemming from the excited-state absorption (ESA) [2] in the system of dope centers (if such a source of loss exists, see Fig. 1). Notice that "slow" relaxation of the excited state means that decay time τ rel of the latter is essentially longer than pulse-width τ p .Solving Eq. (1), one is able to calculate nonlinear (energy-dependent) transmission coefficient of the medium as the ratio of normalized input (ε in ) and output (ε out ) pulse energy densities: T (ε in ) = ε out /ε in . Meanwhile, to the best of our knowledge there is not known an analogous equation concerning the resonant nonlinear change ∆n res (ε in ) in refractive index n of the medium that should accompany the transmission coefficient nonlinearity. Despite there have been published a few re-

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“…Therefore, an optical phase control function is needed for practical application. Moreover, the phase control speed, precise phase controllability, and remote controllability are important factors, hence some methods, to optically control the phase using nonlinearities in special optical fibers, were investigated [5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical delay interferometer based on phase shifted fiber Bragg grating with optically controllable phase shifter

Kim¹,

Hanawa²,

Kim³

et al. 2006

Opt. Express

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Abstract:We propose a novel optical delay interferometer (ODI) with an optically controllable phase shifter. The proposed interferometer is implemented by using a phase shifted fiber Bragg grating and an Yb 3+ /Al 3+ co-doped optical fiber. The phase of the delayed optical signal is linearly controlled by adjusting the induced pumping power of a laser diode at 976 nm. Polarization dependent loss, polarization dependent center wavelength shift and temperature induced center wavelength shift of the ODI are 0.044 dB, 6 pm, and 9.8 pm/°C, respectively.

show abstract

Resonantly Enhanced Nonlinearity in Doped Fibers for Low-Power All-Optical Switching: A Review

Cited by 95 publications

References 43 publications

An Improved All-Fiber Cross-Connect Node for Future Optical Transport Networks

An Improved All-Fiber Cross-Connect Node for Future Optical Transport Networks

Nonlinear resonant change in refractive index of a doped saturable medium at short-pulse excitation

Optical delay interferometer based on phase shifted fiber Bragg grating with optically controllable phase shifter

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