Resorcinol-Formaldehyde (RF) as a Novel Plasticizer for Starch-Based Solid Biopolymer Electrolyte

Selvanathan, Vidhya; Ruslan, Mohd Hafidz; Aminuzzaman, Mohammod; Muhammad, Ghulam; Amin, Nowshad; Sopian, Kamaruzzaman

doi:10.3390/polym12092170

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In terms of equivalent circuit, the depressed semicircle is represented by R S connected in series to the capacitor (Q DL ) and R CT in a parallel arrangement, as shown in Figure 8. The following equation evaluates impedance values according to the described equivalent circuit [27]:…”

Section: 𝑂𝐻 → 𝑂𝐻 * + 𝑒mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical-Assisted Green Synthesis of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles for Application as Electrocatalysts in Oxygen Evolution Reaction

et al. 2021

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Electrocatalytic water splitting is a promising solution to resolve the global energy crisis. Tuning the morphology and particle size is a crucial aspect in designing a highly efficient nanomaterials-based electrocatalyst for water splitting. Herein, green synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles using phytochemicals from three different sources was employed to synthesize nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiOx NPs). Nickel (II) acetate tetrahydrate was reacted in presence of aloe vera leaves extract, papaya peel extract and dragon fruit peel extract, respectively, and the physicochemical properties of the biosynthesized NPs were compared to sodium hydroxide (NaOH)-mediated NiOx. Based on the average particle size calculation from Scherrer’s equation, using X-ray diffractograms and field-emission scanning electron microscope analysis revealed that all three biosynthesized NiOx NPs have smaller particle size than that synthesized using the base. Aloe-vera-mediated NiOx NPs exhibited the best electrocatalytic performance with an overpotential of 413 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 95 mV dec−1. Electrochemical surface area (ECSA) measurement and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic analysis verified that the high surface area, efficient charge-transfer kinetics and higher conductivity of aloe-vera-mediated NiOx NPs contribute to its low overpotential values.

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Section: 𝑂𝐻 → 𝑂𝐻 * + 𝑒mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical-Assisted Green Synthesis of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles for Application as Electrocatalysts in Oxygen Evolution Reaction

et al. 2021

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“…In accordance with these facts, above 80% humidity, the PFSA membrane proton conductivity started to decline, while the low-resin-content membranes presented a higher stability than the PFSA percolation threshold due to the different microstructures created by the RF resin inside the polymer matrix. Nucleophilic aromatic rings served as active sites for ionic complexation and promoted the ionic transport throughout the polymer matrix [ 56 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Proton-Exchange Membrane Based on Perfluorosulfonated Polymers and Resorcinol–Formaldehyde Hydrogel

2021

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Organic resorcinol–formaldehyde (RF) hydrogels were introduced into a hybrid cation-exchange membrane in order to enhance its following properties: water uptake, thermal stability, and ionic conductivity. This study was aimed to investigate the modifications induced by the RF organic clusters that form a uniform distributed network within the perflourosulfonated acid (PFSA) matrix. RF concentration was controlled by resorcinol and formaldehyde impregnation time using water or ethanol solvents. The specific morphological and structural properties were characterized by atomic force microscopy, UV–Vis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Thermo-gravimetric analysis was employed to study the thermal stability and degradation processes of the composite membranes. Proton conductivity, as a function of relative humidity (RH) at 80 °C, was measured using in-plane four-point characterization technique. Compared to the pristine membrane, the PFSA–RF hybrid membranes showed improved thermal stability at up to 46 °C and higher ionic conductivity for low RF content, especially at low relative humidity, when using ethanol-based solvents. Single fuel cell testing on RF-based membrane–electrode assembly revealed impeccable fuel crossover and power performance at 80 °C and 40% relative humidity, delivering a 76% increase in power density compared to a reference assembled with a pristine membrane and the same catalyst loadings.

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“…Similarly, a solution casting technique was utilized to synthesize a starch-resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) lithium triflate (LiTf) biopolymer electrolyte membrane [ 108 ]. Appropriate amounts of RF, ionic salts, and plasticizer’s components were mixed in a solution.…”

Section: Fabrication and Characterization Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Integration of Biopolymer-Based Materials for Energy Storage Applications: A Review

Dalwadi

Goel

Kapetanakis

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Biopolymers are an emerging class of novel materials with diverse applications and properties such as superior sustainability and tunability. Here, applications of biopolymers are described in the context of energy storage devices, namely lithium-based batteries, zinc-based batteries, and capacitors. Current demand for energy storage technologies calls for improved energy density, preserved performance overtime, and more sustainable end-of-life behavior. Lithium-based and zinc-based batteries often face anode corrosion from processes such as dendrite formation. Capacitors typically struggle with achieving functional energy density caused by an inability to efficiently charge and discharge. Both classes of energy storage need to be packaged with sustainable materials due to their potential leakages of toxic metals. In this review paper, recent progress in energy applications is described for biocompatible polymers such as silk, keratin, collagen, chitosan, cellulose, and agarose. Fabrication techniques are described for various components of the battery/capacitors including the electrode, electrolyte, and separators with biopolymers. Of these methods, incorporating the porosity found within various biopolymers is commonly used to maximize ion transport in the electrolyte and prevent dendrite formations in lithium-based, zinc-based batteries, and capacitors. Overall, integrating biopolymers in energy storage solutions poses a promising alternative that can theoretically match traditional energy sources while eliminating harmful consequences to the environment.

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Resorcinol-Formaldehyde (RF) as a Novel Plasticizer for Starch-Based Solid Biopolymer Electrolyte

Cited by 14 publications

References 36 publications

Phytochemical-Assisted Green Synthesis of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles for Application as Electrocatalysts in Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Phytochemical-Assisted Green Synthesis of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles for Application as Electrocatalysts in Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Hybrid Proton-Exchange Membrane Based on Perfluorosulfonated Polymers and Resorcinol–Formaldehyde Hydrogel

The Integration of Biopolymer-Based Materials for Energy Storage Applications: A Review

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