Resource potential and scope of utilization of renewable energy in Jammu and Kashmir, India

Biogas: A boon for sustainable energy development in India׳s cold climate

“…It has been estimated that the 30 million 'traditional chulhas ( Fig. 1)' in use, besides consuming 133 million tons of wood, are amongst the major causes of smoke production in rural households of India [10,11]. The burning of kerosene, firewood and cattle dung cake as fuels leads to atmospheric pollution due to the emission of air pollutants viz.…”

“…Irrespective of age, health or even pregnancy, each woman often carries a heavy load of over 35 kg, and then she must also cook with it upon returning home. The collection and storage of fuel is also problematic in the rainy/winter seasons, resulting in these women and children spending even more time and energy fetching fuel wood from distance sources [10].…”

Utility of Duckweeds as Source of Biomass Energy: a Review

“…Globally, the future energy demands will recklessly rise with population growth and increasing living standard of the society [4]. The excessive consumption of fossil fuel tends to diminish the availability of resource for future generations [5]. The fossil fuel-based energy is finite and produces by-products, such as greenhouse gases, that are detrimental to the environment [5][6][7].…”

“…The excessive consumption of fossil fuel tends to diminish the availability of resource for future generations [5]. The fossil fuel-based energy is finite and produces by-products, such as greenhouse gases, that are detrimental to the environment [5][6][7]. The continued use of fossil fuels will set to face multiple challenges related to depletion of fossil fuel reserves, global warming and other environmental concerns, political and military conflicts and ultimately significant fuel price rise [7].…”

“…Renewable energy is advocated to be the possible solution of growing energy challenges as they are abundant, inexhaustible and environmentally friendly [8]. The exploration of non-carbon energy sources such as solar, nuclear, biomass, wave, tidal and geothermal may provide sustainable solution for long-term availability of energy resources [4,5,9]. Biomass (including organic matter derived from living organisms) forms the most utilized sources of renewable energy and accounted for 10.2 % of global primary energy supply [1,10,11].…”